1. Vocabulary

2. Verbal irony
When words express something contrary to the truth, or someone says the opposite of what they really feel or mean.

3. Situational irony
When actions or events have the opposite result from what is expected or what is intended.

4. Dramatic irony
When the audience is more aware of what is happening than a character.
Example: In Beauty and the Beast, we know that the Beast is really a prince living under a curse, but Belle does not. She is unaware of his true identity.

5. Direct characterization
When the author tells their audience what a character is like.
(Think adjectives!!)
Example: The patient boy and quiet girl were both well-mannered and did not disobey their mother.

6. Indirect characterization
When the author reveals a character’s personality through details of speech, thoughts, interactions with other characters, actions, and looks.
Example: The man seated in the parked limousine had short hair and a serious gaze. He was dressed professionally in a pressed shirt and tie.

7. anaphora
The repetition of the first part of a sentence. It is used to emphasize certain words of phrases.

8. rhetoric
Speaking or writing that is intended to persuade. The study of how language is used to produce change and create knowledge.

9. juxtaposition
A literary technique in which two ideas, places, or characters are placed side by side to develop comparisons or contrasts.

10. parallelism
Two or more phrases or clauses in a sentence that have the same grammatical structure.

11. Call to action
A speech, piece of writing, or act that encourages people to take action about a problem.