1. Cabling Technology and Standards

2. Networks Data Communication
Transfer of digital data between between 2 or more remotely attached autonomous systems in a reliable and understandable manner

3. Networks
Network – data communication between 2 or more devices with the ability to access shared resources
LAN - local area network
WAN - wide area network

4. Networks Topologies
Bus
Ring
Star

5. Networks Components
Hubs
Switches
Routers

6. Networks Components (Cont.)
Hub connects multiple devices on same network via individual dedicated cable runs (star topology)
Switch provides a dedicated communication channel between network devices

7. Networks Components (Cont.)
Router connects between entities residing on different networks

8. Cabling Standards

9. Common Abbreviations ACR - Attenuation to Cross-Talk Ratio
P.ACR - Power Sum Attenuation to Cross-Talk Ratio
BER - Bit Error Rate
FEXT - Far End Cross-Talk
NEXT - Near End Cross-Talk
P.S. NEXT - Power Sum Near End Cross-Talk
ELFEXT - Equal Level Far End Cross-Talk
P.S. ELFEXT - Power Sum Equal Level Far End Cross-Talk
STP - Shielded Twisted Pair
TSB - Telecommunications Systems Bulletin
UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair
Alien XT - Alien Cross Talk

10. Standards Organizations
EIA/TIA (USA)
Electrical/Telecommunication Industries Association
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
ISO/IEC
International Organization for Standardization
International Electrotechnical Commission
CENELC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

11. World Structured Cabling Standards
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1 and B.2 ratified in 2001, CAT5 / CAT5E
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 ratified in 2002, CAT6
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-10
finalized May 2008, CAT6a
ISO/IEC 2nd edition generic cabling standard ratified in 2002
CENELEC generic cabling standard EN ratified in 2002

12. Standards History ANSI / TIA / EIA-568
ANSI/EIA/TIA 568 published in The 1st Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard
The original document, together with TSB-36 & TSB-40 specified the basic transmission requirements of Category 3, 4 & 5
ANSI/EIA/TIA 568A published in 1995 Recognized Cables for Horizontal Cabling:
4 pair 100 UTP cables (including S/UTP)
2 pair 150  STP cables (IBM TYPE-1A)
2 fiber 62.5/125µ and 50/125µ fiber-optic cable

13. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B series
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1 General Infrastructure requirements Copper and Fiber
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2 Copper requirements Cat3, Cat5, Cat5E
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3 Fiber requirements

14. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B-1 series General Requirements
B-1.1 Minimum 4 pair UTP and ScTP patch cable bend radius
B-1.2 Bonding and Grounding
B-1.3 Supportable distances and Channel Attenuation for F/O applications by Fiber type
B-1.4 Recognition of CAT6 and 850 nm Laser-Optimized 50/125 µm MM F/O cabling
B-1.5 Cabling for Telecommunication Enclosures
B-1.6 PoE (Power Over Ethernet)
B-1.7 F/O connectivity Methods for Polarity

15. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B-2 series Copper
B-2.1 Category 6 specifications
B-2.2 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components
B-2.3 IL & RL Pass/Fail Determination
B-2.4 Solderless Connection Reliability Requirements for Copper Connecting Hardware
B-2.5 Corrections to TIA/EIA-568-B.2
B-2.6 Cat 6 Related Component Test Procedures
B-2.7 Reliability Specification Requirements for Copper Connecting Hardware
B-2.8 Additional Component Req. for DTE Power
B-2.9 Additional Cat 6 Balance Requirements & Measurement Procedures
B-2.10 Augmented Cat 6 Cabling (10G))
B-2.11 increased UTP and ScTP Cable Diameter

16. ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B-3 series Fiber
B-3.1 Laser Optimized (OM-3) MM – 10 Gigabit
TSB 140 – Additional Guidelines for Field-Testing Length, Loss and Polarity of Optical Fiber Cabling Systems

17. CELENEC EN Series
EN General Requirements
EN Office (Commercial) Premises
EN Industrial Premises
EN Residential Premises
EN Data Centers

18. Testing Parameters

19. Link & Channel definitions
Commercial Building Telecommunications
Cabling Standard
Link - The transmission between any two interfaces of generic cabling
without equipment & work area cables (where an optional transition connection is allowed)
Maximum Link length is 90 Mtrs
Channel - The end-to-end transmission path connecting any two pieces of application specific equipment with equipment & work area cables
Maximum Channel length is 100 Mtrs

20. CAT5 100 MHz Testing Link Performance of UTP cables in horizontal
cabling
Field test parameters:
Wire Map
Length
Attenuation
Near-End Cross Talk (NEXT)
Characteristic Impedance is not tested

21. CAT5E-100 MHz - Testing CAT6-250 MHz - Testing CAT6a-500 MHz - Testing
CAT5E, CAT6, CAT6a
CAT5E-100 MHz - Testing CAT MHz - Testing CAT6a-500 MHz - Testing
Attenuation
NEXT
Powersum NEXT
Wire Map
Length
ELFEXT
Powersum ELFEXT
Return Loss
Delay
Delay Skew

22. Categories and Classes
Category- specification for components – cables, patch panels, communication outlets
Class- specification for system application on full channel
CAT5 / Class D
CAT6 / Class E
CAT6a / New Class E
CAT7 / Class F
CAT8 / Class G

23. Categories -Summary CAT3 – 10 Mbit, 16 MHz CAT4 – 16 Mbit, 20 MHz
CAT5E – 10/100/1000 Mbit, 100 MHz
CAT6 – 10/100/1000 Mbit + 10Gbit 55m channel,
(STP), 250 MHz
CAT6A – 10/100/1000 Mbit + 10Gbit UTP and STP, 500 MHz
CAT7 – 10/100/1000 Mbit + 10Gbit, 600 MHz)
CAT7A – STP, Tera connector, 1 GHz
CAT8 – SOHO, 1200 MHz, 50m channel

24. Classes - Summary A – 100 kHz (voice) B – 1 MHz (ISDN…)
C – 16 MHz (Token Ring…)
D – 100 MHz (fast Ethernet, Gigabit Eternet)
E – 200 MHz usage / 250 MHz testing
F – 600 MHz usage / 750 MHz testing
G – 1200 MHz usage / 1500 MHz testing

25. Categories and Protocols
10BaseT
100BaseT (4 pairs CAT4)
100BaseTX (2 pairs CAT5 – pins 1,2 and 3,6)
1000BaseT (4 pairs CAT5E full duplex)
1000BaseTX (4 pairs CAT6 – 2 pairs Tx and 2 pairs Rx)
10GBaseT (4 pairs CAT7 full duplex)
Maximum channel length 100m

26. Category 6 Standard ratified in 2002 Bandwidth 250 MHz
1GBit Ethernet applications
Protocol running 1000BaseTx
Full UTP/STP solutions
The 1000BaseT protocol (IEEE) consists upon Cat5e ACR. Since the Cat5e has poor ACR the active switches needs to have a very good SNR – Signal to Noise Ratio (equivalent to ACR) to submit and receive the Ethernet signals. that effects on the cost of switches. Due to the fact that the Cat 6 has good ACR, in compare to Cat5e, the active switches can have least SNR and by that to be much more cheaper. Furthermore, you still can say that when using 1000BaseT and Cat6 you will have very low BER (Bit Error Rate) and that will increase your network reliability.

27. Category 6a Standard ratified in 2008 Augmented CAT6
Channel up to 100 m
Bandwidth 500 MHz
UTP and STP solutions
New cable design (Horizontal and patch cords)
Issues with Alien CrossTalk (AXT)

28. Category 7 CAT7 – draft stage
Addressing broadband applications such as Video
Standadized by ISO/IEC and Cenelec (EN)
Bandwidth 600 MHz
STP solution only
Proposed connectors
Siemon Tera – not compatible with RJ45
Nexans GG45

29. Category 7 Connectors New connector design
Two compliant interface designs currently exist
Very little is installed, or projected to be installed, over the next two years
NEXANS - GG45 Jack and GP45 Plug
The Siemon Company - Tera™

30. IEEE 802.3an - 10GBaseT Bandwidth 500 MHz
Can run on CAT6 systems but limited to 55m channel– IEEE says this is sufficient for 70% of 10Gbit installations which are in Data Centers
On CAT6a systems full 100m channel

31. Future developments (Increasing need for speed)
IEEE HSSG (higher speed study group)
40/100 Gb/s (design goal)
Sm optical fibre, 10 km
MM optical fibre (OM3), 100 m
Copper, 10 m, STP cabling eight pairs
Development plan with schedule for standard
in November 2009

32. Wire Map Standards 568A 568B Pair 1 (Blue) Pair 1 (Blue) Pair 2
(Orange)
Pair 3
(Green)
Pair 2
(Orange)
Pair 4
(Brown)
Pair 3
(Green)
Pair 4
(Brown)

33. Official Certifications
RiT products are officially approved by the following institutions:
DELTA (Denmark)
ETL (USA)
SEV (Switzerland)