1. Turning Points of the War
Chapter 4 Section 3
Turning Points of the War

2. War Shifts to the Middle States
September 15, 1776
-William Howe captures New York City
Battle of Trenton
- short of food, supplies, ammunition
- Washington saves his army- and the Revolution- by counterattacking on December 26, 1776
- they cross the Delaware River in the middle of Christmas night, and surprised attacked German mercenaries

3. Military Turning Points
Into the night, Washington sends his troops north of Princeton
Battle of Princeton (January 3, 1777)
- Washington inflicted heavy causalities on British General Charles Cornwallis’s troops
Battle of Saratoga
- fought in two stages on Sept. 19th and Oct. 7th ,1777
-without victory, American forces would likely not have received critical assistance from a very important ally.

4. European Allies Enter the War Page 120
Who were encouraged to recognize American independence after the victory at Saratoga?

5. The Continental Army Faces Challenges
Valley Forge (1777/1778)
- in Pennsylvania, Washington’s army spent harsh and hungry winter outside of Philadelphia
- soldiers suffered from lack of supplies and food

6. War’s End and Lasting Effects
Chapter 4 Section 4
War’s End and Lasting Effects

7. Cornwallis Surrenders
Yorktown, Virginia (1781)
- plan to trap Cornwallis’s army
- need the help of French fleet to block the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay (trapping the British navy)
- trapped by both land and sea- Cornwallis surrenders his army on October 19, 1781
Treaty of Paris (1783)
- recognized American independence and granted boundaries to the United States

8. The War Ends Four Main Factors Contribute to Patriots Win
1. British underestimated Patriots
2. British misunderstood political nature of conflict
3. Patriots were highly motivated
4. Patriots were assisted by France

9. Revolution Impacts Society
British Abandon their Allies
- most loyalists were prevented from returning home after the war
- Native Americans were abandoned
Impacts on Women
- inspired women to seek a larger voice in public affairs
Changes for African Americans
- Revolution inspired many slaves to demand freedom