1. European
Colonialism in
Africa

2. What is Colonization?
Colonization is the process in which one country takes control of a piece of foreign land, and declares that land to be their own.
Examples:
Canada- colonized by English and French
United States- Colonized by English
India colonized by English

3. What do colonizers do?
Colonizers attempt to make the colony an extension of their country.
They bring their own money, religion, government, clothes, food, animals, everything!
The native peoples’ culture often disappears.

4. What’s the point?
Money, Money, Money!-Colonizers create new colonies as a way to get valuable resources that are worth lots of money.
Religion (Missionaries)-Colonizers often went to spread their religion to natives
Racism- Colonizers believed themselves to be superior to the natives that they conquered

5. African Trade [15c-17c]
Africa has a large source of Natural Resources desired by Europeans

6. Pre-19c (1800s) European Trade with Africa
Before the 1800s, Europeans colonized very little of Africa

7. Before European Colonization
Africa
1890
Before European Colonization

8. Partitioning of Africa
A Partition is something that is used to divide one space from another, hence the partitioning of Africa is when Europeans divided up Africa for themselves

9. Europeans Fought with themselves over the continent

10. Africa in 1914
After Colonization, Europeans had taken over (almost) ALL of the African Continent

11. The Belgian Congo:
"King Leopold's
Ghost"

12. The Congo Free State or The Belgian Congo

13. King Leopold II: (r – 1909)

14. Harvesting Rubber

15. Colonization in the Congo
Belgium controlled the Congo.
King Leopold II of Belgium wanted to get as many natural resources as possible out of the Congo---Like Ivory and Rubber
Leopold did not care how many people might die in the process!

16. Belgium’s Stranglehold on the Congo

17. No Africans were invited
Berlin Conference of
Another point of view?
The Berlin Conference is where all the European powers divided up Africa, each taking what they wanted.
No Africans were invited

18. The Berlin Conference cut up Africa like a cake

19. Berlin Conference

20. The Struggle
For
South Africa

21. Shaka Zulu (1785 – 1828)

22. Battle of Isandlwana
The Zulu Tribe fought the British and the British LOST
This was Very Humiliating to the British who was suppose to have the strongest military in the world.

23. Diamond Mines, were South Africa’s great natural resource
Raw Diamonds

24. The Struggle for South Africa
Europeans often grouped opposing tribes into one big country

25. “The Colossus of Rhodes”
Cecil Rhodes ( )
Cecil Rhodes started a diamond company in South Africa.
The company started by Rhodes still controls 60 % of the worlds diamonds today
“The Colossus of Rhodes”

26. Apartheid
South Africa used a form of extreme segregation known as Apartheid.
Apartheid allowed for white (Europeans) to get many opportunities that non-whites did not get.

27. Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela protested apartheid, and was in jail for over 20 years.
After he was released from jail he went on to become the first African Prime Minister of South Africa

28. European Motives For Colonization European Nationalism
Source for
Raw
Materials
Missionary Activity
Industrial
Revolution
European
Motives
For Colonization
Markets for Finished Goods
Military & Naval Bases
Social Darwinism
European Racism
Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Popul.
Humanitarian Reasons
Soc. & Eco. Opportunities
“White Man’s Burden”

29. European Explorers in Africa
19c  Europeans Map the Interior of Africa

30. 5-8 Million Victims Died! (50% of Popul.)
It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit Belgian Official