1. A Brief History of China up to 1949
…Very Brief

2. Dynasty’s
Prior to its combination under a National Republic, China was ruled by a series of Dynasty's.
They featured hereditary rule.
Power was exchanged through force.
Features one central ruler, King, and a bunch of small provinces run by local rulers.
Most governing is done at the local level.
China is very disjointed, besides being “run” by the dynasty most provinces don’t have much in common.

3. Economy in the 1800s
Entering the 1800s, China had the largest economy (as measured by GDP) in the world.
Europe was experience a way of imperialism, and China was the biggest fish.

4. Who, What, Why?

5. China in the 1800s – Foreign Exploitation
First flood of European influence came from Christian missionaries.
Their goal was to convert the masses of China to a Christian form of government.
1711, The British East India Company opens their first port in China.
China, in an effort to control trade, restricts foreign trade.
By the end of the 1700s, the British became the Chinese largest trading partner.

6. British attempts to control
Along with your normal goods, textiles, raw materials and food (especially tea), the British began to import Opium to China. It was sold at cheap rates with an effort to get the population of China addicted.
Complete first primary source activity. Chinese Trade with Britian.

7. China attempts to control Opium
Complete second primary source activity – Letter to the Queen.
Chinese rulers quickly learned of the impact of Opium on China, and attempt to outlaw its import and Sale.
British traders ignored these rules, and defied the government to stop them.

8. The Opium Wars. Britain vs Qing Dynasty First Opium War (1839–1842)
British Win. Resulting treaty forces Chinese to open more ports for the British
Second Opium War (1856–1860)
More Foreign Powers, support the British, and they defeat the Chinese.
The Result is that china is forced to open several foreign ports, and invite world-wide trade.

9. The Boxer Rebellion
 anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising that took place in China between 1899 and 1901.
Chinese Fighters, known as “Boxers” began to assault, and kill groups of foreign missionaries throughout China.
By 1901, these “Boxer” group had the support of the Qing Dynasty,

10. Foreign Retaliation
 American, Austro-Hungarian, British, French, German, Italian, Japanese, and Russian forces joined up to fight against the Boxer Rebellion.
Foreign Forces were known for the atrocious and violent reaction to Chinese nationalist.
Troops were known for looting, burning and raping and they traveled along the country side.
Foreign Army defeats the Qing Dynasty and the Boxers.

11. Consequences
Chinese forced to pay retribution in Silver to foreign powers.
Foreign powers gain foreign control of providences and Qing dynasty was stripped of any power.
Highest point of Foreign influence in China.

12. Revolutions begin
With the destruction of the Qing Dynasty, as well as the influx of foreign influence, Chinese citizens were turned into second class citizens.
The Chinese economy was in shambles, and a once rich country was being ravaged by foreign trade.
Several Revolutionary attempts were made in an attempt to unify the country under a Republic.

13. Sun Yat Sen
Republic forces, led by Sun Yat Sen, removed the Qing Dynasty from power and instituted a Republic form of government.
While, they became the official government of China, Warloads maintained control over local regions, and still allowed for massive foreign influence.
The Republic couldn’t remove foreign influence, nor could they unite all of the warlords under their power.