1. LIP Lisbon
We would sugest to include in the Statement of Work the following points:
The development of an engineering tool to extrapolate measured solar events in the present and future earth and interplanetary missions to the Mars neighborhood.
A survey of possible landing sites for Mars missions, predicting its radiation environments.
Concerning the first point:
The interplanetary medium is not a passive medium regarding particle propagation. It influences the distribution of particles by changing their energies and their pitch angle distributions. These changes are relatively obvious in the shape (flux versus time) of SEPs seen at various distances from the Sun. Our plan is to study the effects of radial distance from the Sun by comparing SEP measures from the instruments on board the Ulysses spacecraft, during its cruise from the Earth to Jupiter that took place from the end of 1990 to February 1992, with the properties of SEPs seen near the Earth by the instruments on board the IMP8 spacecraft. We will compare the flux profiles, pitch angle distributions and fluences of the events, and we will check which particle propagation models explain the observations in the most adequate way. In particular we will look into the period from day 347 on 1990 to day 9 on 1991, that corresponds to an interval in Ulysses distance from the Sun equivalent to the orbit of Mars.