1. The spatial and temporal distribution of solar and galactic cosmic rays S. V. Tasenko 1, P. V. Shatov 1, I. A. Skorokhodov 1, I. V. Getselev 1,2, M. Podzolko 1,2, V. S. Anashin 3, G. A. Protopopov 3 1 Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics, Moscow, Russia; 2 Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; 3 Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia E-mail of M.V. Podzolko: 404@newmail.ru Introduction and data b) а) a)Among 61 most powerful SPEs in 19–24 solar cycles with fluence ≥10 8 cm –2 just only one event of November 4, 2001 has the Carrington longitude of its source inside the interval of 100–170° (see left figure). From another 80 “medium” events in cycles 19–24 with fluences varying from 10 7 to 10 8 cm –2 sources of only 10 SPEs are located in the interval of 100–170°. b)The values of total fluences for 10-degree intervals inside the “passive” longitude range ≈90–170°, without taking into account “anomalous” SPE of November 4, 2001, do not exceed 5.5% from the mean fluence value for all longitudes. The summarized fluence for passive longitude interval amounts to just only 1.2% (and even taking into account the event of November 4, 2001 – only 5%) from the total fluence for all the considered SPEs. 9682 9687 9684 Solar active regions during Nov. 2, 2001 anomalous SPE. In previous decade a new stage of studying the influence of space environment on various spheres of human activity has begun. A term “space weather” have become widely distributed. Nonetheless until now there is no clear understanding of what exactly the space weather is, and the range of space environment parameters relating to it is not definitely set. In our opinion it would be very important to establish the concept of “space climate”, describing a conditions of different regions of space medium during long periods of time. The data on space climate received on the basis of the analysis of long-term space weather measurements allows to provide for the influence of space environment at the stage of planning the longstanding spheres of activity, design, elaboration and operation of various its elements. In particular we have created a data base on >420 solar proton events (SPE) from 1956 till May 2013, containing the data about the time when SPE had occurred, fluence of solar protons with energies >10 and >30 MeV during this SPE and the Carrington longitude of its source on the Sun. For the 19th and 20th cycles of solar activity we have picked the data from various existing catalogues, based at first on the measurements by stratospheric balloons, geophysical rockets etc., and after the beginning of the space era – on the first satellite experiments. Passive Carrington longitude interval Minimum, average and maximum interplanetary proton fluences Getselev I. V., Okhlopkov V. P., Podzolko M. V. and Chuchkov E. A., Solar cosmic ray fluxes in the Earth’s orbit, Proc. of 29th Annual Seminar «Physics of Auroral Phenomena», PGI, Apatity, Russia, 27 February – 3 March, 2006, p. 179–182. I.V. Getselev, M.V. Podzolko and I.S. Veselovsky, Optimization of the interplanetary energetic proton flux database and its application in modeling radiation conditions, Solar System Research 43(2), 136–42, 2009. I.V. Getselev, M.V. Podzolko and V.P. Okhlopkov, Passive longitudes of solar cosmic ray sources, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 409, 012203, 2013. For the period from 1970’s we used measurements of interplanetary protons by IMP and ACE spacecraft outside the Earth’s magnetosphere. On the basis of these data we have computed the fluences of protons with energies >10 and >30 MeV for each SPE. During this procedure the background galactic proton fluxes computed using our method (Getselev et al., 2009) were subtracted. The heliocoordinates of the particle injection sources for the period from 1970’s were taken from NOAA Solar Proton Event database. Some results of statistical analysis of these data are presented in this poster. The discovered regularities can be also examined for the correlations with the existing data on spacecraft faults and anomalies and the absorbed radiation dose onboard the spacecraft. Heliolongitude distribution of the fluences in SPEs Minimum, average and maximum fluences of inter- planetary protons with energies from >1 to >60 MeV in the Earth’s orbit outside its magnetosphere for periods from 3 month to 10 years. The variation of fluences lowers noticeably with increase of the time interval. Thus 1 ‑ year fluences of >30 MeV protons vary by 2 orders; while 7 ‑ year fluences differ by only 5 times, which is about twice the value of radiation workload computation errors for spacecraft’s onboard equipment. The period of inversion of solar magnetic field 10 11 10 10 9 10 8 10 7 >1 2 4 10 30 60 MeV 3 month1 year3 years5 years10 years Proton fluence, cm –2 Distribution of the fluences in SPEs over the longitude of their sources relative to central visible meridian of the Sun in 19–24 solar cycles. The maximum of distribution is located in vicinity of the central meridian. There exists small asymmetry towards the west, but smaller than may be expected, keeping in mind the geometry of interplanetary magnetic field. A “center of mass” of the distribution is located at ≈10° west longitude. Picture is similar for each separate solar cycle. During the periods of solar magnetic field inversion the number of SPEs and the total fluences in them (fig. a) are lower, and their energy spectra are softer, than in the periods of the same length before and after it. 10th European Space Weather Week, Antwerp, Belgium, November 18–22, 2013