1. Why do you think people explore new places?
whywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhy
Why do you think people explore new places?

2. What you will be able to do after this chapter:
I can identify the key figures of French and British exploration and settlement of North America
I can describe the social and economic factors of European imperialism
I can identify how European imperialism impacted the social and economic structures of Aboriginal societies

3. European Explorers French & British Explorers 1400’s-1500’s
Chapter 2

4. Disruption of European Trade Routes

5. What Were Europeans Seeking?
Disruption of trade routes with Asia drove up the price of silk & spices
Europeans felt that in finding a new route they could secure a supply of goods & make lots of money

6. How Did Technology Help European Exploration?
Europeans needed to find a sea route to Asia since land routes were too dangerous to travel
Sea travel also had many risks, it was slow, hard to steer, they could get lost, ship wrecked or have bad weather
1400’s ships were designed to be better & faster
Navigational instruments also developed- compasses for direction and an ‘astrolabe’ to estimate location using sun & the stars

7. Portuguese Found Route to Asia around the Cape of Good Hope

8. Why Did Europeans Arrive in Canada?
Columbus (Italian) thought that he could sail west to find Asia
Spain sponsored Columbus. He landed in the Caribbean which led to the exploration of Central & South America
Spain's success in the west, other countries raced to explore the area north of the Caribbean
Italians were the most experienced sailors in Europe
Britain had Giovanni Caboto sail for them in 1497
‘John Cabot’ claimed Newfoundland for Britain
This led to fishing for cod off of what is now Eastern Canada

9. Economic vs. Social Imperialism
Imperialism (pg. 45) – a policy (decision) on the part of a ruler or government of one territory to dominate other territories
Economic Imperialism – When they are taking over/dominating anything having to do with business or money
Social Imperialism - Think society… taking over anything that would socially impact a group

10. Contact With First Nations

11. Trade With the Mi’kmaq
After Caboto ( late 1400’s), the Mi’kmaq came into regular contact with Europeans fishing off the east coast
Trade between the two groups was advantageous for both Europeans & First Nations
Europeans thought that furs along with cod could help them make money
Mi’kmaq traded for metal goods because they were useful & durable

12. Tragedy of Beothuk Beothuk, tribe of Newfoundland
Did not establish friendly relations with Europeans
Camps & settlements interfered with traditional fishing areas & conflict over equipment
More British settlers arrived & pushed the Beothuk out
In the early 1800’s British tried to become friendly with Beothuk
1823 Shawnadivit (Nancy) captured by British trappers
William Cormack recorded Nancy's life she died of tuberculosis in 1829
The tribe was completely wiped out

13. Shawnadivit

14. Tuberculosis Taken from dictionary.com
Also called consumption… An infectious disease that may affect almost any tissue of the body, especially the lungs

15. Explorers in Canada
French Explorers

16. Jacques Cartier
1534, King of France sponsored Jacques Cartier to find a route through North America to Asia
Cartier first encountered the Mi’kmaq June 24, 1534
He also recorded encounters with Stadacona near the Gaspe Peninsula
During the winter Cartier’s crew grew sick with scurvy
Stadacona’s gave them a cure, a tea rich in vitamin C
Tried to take some people from Stadecona back home, but they had no immunity to European diseases… they died

17. Scurvy Taken from dictionary.com
A disease marked by swollen and bleeding gums, livid spots on the skin… due to a diet lacking vitamin C

18. Cartier’s First Voyage

19. Cartier’s Other Voyages

20. Turn to page 55 in your textbook!!!
Turn to page 55 in your textbook!!!
Would this be considered economic or social imperialism?

21.
Samuel de Champlain
1603 Champlain retraced Cartier's routes & explored the St. Lawrence River
1604 he returned to establish the first French colony in North America, Port Royal in Acadia
1608, he established a settlement: Quebec City
From Quebec City, he traveled further into the interior of North America
He was known as The Father of New France
Made very accurate maps useful to later explorers
Referred to the First Nations as savages

22. Champlain’s Map

23. La Salle
French explorer went down the Mississippi river to The Gulf of Mexico
La Salle claimed a huge area between the Great Lakes & Gulf of Mexico for France

24. La Salle’s Map

25. European Explorers

26. Martin Frobisher 1576 left for the arctic loaded with goods for Asia
Returned with what he thought was gold
It was ‘iron pyrite’ (Fools Gold)
He mined the arctic but never found gold

27. Henry Hudson 1610 found a Northwest passage between Europe & Asia
1610 found a Northwest passage between Europe & Asia
1611 his ship got trapped in the ice in Hudson's Bay
Crew got sick & were starving
His crew rebelled against Hudson’s further exploration plans
Hudson was abandoned in a small boat & died

29. La Verendrye Born in New France
Was a soldier & farmer, then an explorer
Traveled West of Great lakes to find a route to Asia
He built forts along the way to establish French control of the expanding fur trade

30. La Verendrye

31. Matonabbee Leader of Dene Suline
Traveled with British explorer Samuel Hearne to find a passage to Asia west of the great lakes

32. Alexander Mackenzie British explorer
First European to reach Canada's West coast by traveling across land

33. Alexander Mackenzie’s Route West

34. Turn to page 66-7 in your textbook.
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