1. Explorers of Early Canada

3. Waves of Immigration People Arrival Reason for coming to Canada
First Nations
20-16,000 years ago
To hunt, farm, and fish
Inuit
5,000 years ago
To hunt and fish
Vikings
1000 years ago
To hunt and find new land
English
1497
To fish
French
1534
To hunt, farm, trade furs
Chinese
1870
To build the railroad
Other Europeans
To farm
People from elsewhere
Present
Freedom to start a new life

4. The Vikings First Europeans to arrive, around 1000 CE
Led by Leif Ericson from Sweden
Fights with local aboriginals caused Vikings to leave after one year.

5. Constantin-NOPE! In 1453, the Ottomans took over Constantinople
Constantinople was an important city for trade, because it was where Europe met Asia
The Ottomans wouldn’t let Europeans travel through here anymore, so they needed a new way to get to Asia

6. Christopher Columbus Sailed West from Europe to find a way to India.
Arrived in North America in 1492 instead.
After he came back to Europe, many explorers followed him

7. Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot)
Italian navigator and explorer hired by England to sail to the New World in 1497
First European other than Vikings to reach what is now Canada
Claimed Newfoundland for England
Found a lot of cod fish in the Grand Banks, a resource that would pull a lot of Europeans to North America

8. Jacques Cartier First French explorer of Canada
Arrived in 1534, sailed along the St Lawrence River, trying to find the Northwest Passage
First to use name Canada, after a mistranslation of Iroquois word for village: “Kanata”
Created alliance with First Nations people and began trading for furs.

9. Henry Hudson
Explored and mapped much of the Northeast of Canada, in 1610
Tried to find a path to China through the northeast and northwest
Explored the Hudson River (it was named after him)
Found Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay while looking for northwest passage.
In James Bay in 1611, he wanted to keep going west, but his crew mutinied and kicked him off the boat.

10. Samuel de Champlain Most important French explorer of Canada.
Was a cartographer and soldier
Helped to found the colony of Acadia (Nova Scotia) and the colony of Quebec in 1608
Called “Father of New France”
Created first fur trading company: “The Company of 100 Associates”

11. La Vérendrye Was a military officer, fur trader and explorer
First to explore and map much of the interior of Canada in the 173os
Wanted to find a way to the Pacific, and got as far as the Rockies