1. Andrew Jackson
Gained fame in defending the country in numerous battles.
Supported by the common person.
Lost in the Election of 1824 because it was stolen from him in the Corrupt Bargain.
Won the Election of 1828 in a landslide.
Opened up suffrage (voting) to more people.
Demonized for his part in the demise of the Native Americans, particularly the Trail of Tears.

2. Andrew Jackson
President Jackson was upset that the Cherokee won the right to stay on their lands in the Worcester v. Georgia cout case.
He said “John Marshall (the Supreme Court Justice) has made his decision, now let him enforce it”.
This meant Jackson had no intentions of abiding by the decision and dared Marshall to try and do something to stop the removal.

3. Oregon Country / Trail
Thousands left their homes and farms to jump on the trail in Missouri.
The 2,000 mile journey took 5-6 months to complete.
If you didn’t leave in the spring prepared, your chances of completing the journey greatly decreased.
Reaching the fertile land in the Oregon Country was the pioneers goal.

4. Oregon Country
Eventually the South Pass, a broad break through the Rockies, became the main route that settlers took to Oregon.

5. Texas Independence Texans want Independence
Stephen Austin recruited families to move down to Texas at the request of the Mexican government.
Once there became to many Americans who weren’t adopting Mexican ways, immigration was stopped.
Austin was temporarily thrown in jail for suggesting Texas independence.

6. Texas Independence Battle of Gonzales
This is considered the first battle for Texas independence.
Santa Anna sent troops to punish Texans for criticizing him.
Texans taunted Mexican troops by hanging a flag over their cannon with the words “Come and Take It” on it.
After minor fighting the Mexican troops withdrew.

7. Texas Independence

8. Texas Independence Battle of Alamo Battle for a mission turned fort.
Texans were greatly outnumbered and fought to the death.
This battle would serve as an inspiration for future battles of Texas independence.

9. Texas Independence Battle of Goliad
Troops at the town of Goliad were ordered to retreat from the town.
In the retreat they got captured.
Normal procedure was to take surrendering troops prisoner and eventually release.
Santa Anna had several hundred troops executed.
This event would also serve as an inspiration to Texan forces.

10. Texas Independence Battle of San Jacinto
Last battle for Texas independence in which Santa Anna was captured.
Santa Anna would sign a treaty that recognized Texas independence.

11. Texas Independence Independence for Texas
Sam Houston would be elected president of Texas.
Several presidents would not want Texas to join the country because it would upset the balance of free and slave states.
Almost 10 years after gaining independence Texas would become the country’s 28th state.

12. War with Mexico
The Spanish had tried to keep Americans away from the New Mexico area fearing that they would want to take over the area.
The new government of Mexico changed this policy & welcomed Americans into the area.
Eventually this area and California would contain a significant amount of American settlers.
President Polk would twice try to buy California & New Mexico from Mexico but was turned down.

13. President Polk provoked Mexico into war by sending U. S
President Polk provoked Mexico into war by sending U.S. troops into a disputed area and had them build a fort.

14. The Three parts to President Polk’s plan were:
1. American troops would drive Mexican forces out of disputed border area in Texas.
2. Seize New Mexico and California.
3. Capture Mexican capital of Mexico City.

15. The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo were:
1. Mexico would give all claims to Texas and agree to Rio Grande as the border.
2. Mexico would give California and New Mexico areas for $15 million.

16. The Gadsden Purchase was important because with the purchase of the strip of land along the southern edge of Arizona and New Mexico the U.S. mainland would reach its present size.

17. Gold Rush
People from all over the world flocked to California with hopes of getting rich quick.

18. Over 80,000 prospectors arrived in California looking for gold in 1849 & were referred to as 49ers.

19. New communities called boomtowns were built almost overnight.
Miners lived in tents, wood shanties, or deck cabins removed from abandoned ships.

20. Due to a lack of law enforcement & courts, people called vigilantes took the law into their own hands.

21. A man named Levi Strauss made a fortune selling miners sturdy pants made of denim.

22. Merchants were the most successful group of emigrants to California because they could inflate prices and charge almost whatever they wanted for goods.

23. Notes on Utah
Joseph Smith founded a new Christian church called the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1830.
The followers were called Mormons.
Smith took his persecuted group on the move but he was killed in Illinois in 1844.
Brigham Young took over as the leader & moved the group to the Great Salt Lake in Utah.

24. Mormons were people who traveled to Utah for religious freedom.

25. They built a thriving community in the middle of the desert called Deseret which would later become Salt Lake City.