1. Chapter 13
Late Adulthood

2. Late Adulthood Late adulthood: 65 and older
Young old: 65–74
Old: 75–90
Very old: 90 and older
Fastest growing segment of population
Life expectancy
Life span

3. Aging
Definitions
Aging
Senescence
Gerontology
Myths of aging

4. Theories of Aging Biological theories Clockwork theory
Free-radical theory
Wear-and-tear theory
Immune system failure
Autoimmune theory

5. Theories of Aging (continued)
Psychosocial theories
Disengagement theory
Activity theory
Continuity-developmental theory
Natural remedies thought to delay aging

6. Physical Characteristics of Late Adulthood
Height and weight
Musculoskeletal system
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system

7. Physical Characteristics of Late Adulthood (continued)
Gastrointestinal system
Integumentary system
Sensory system
Genitourinary system
Endocrine system

8. Homeostasis
Homeostasis: a balance or equilibrium between the internal and external environment
Thermoregulatory changes
Cardiac reserve changes
Visual changes

9. Vital Signs
Temperature
Pulse
Respirations
Blood pressure

10. Developmental Milestones
Motor development
Sexual development
Psychosocial development
Erikson’s stage of ego integrity
Reminiscence

11. Aging Adjustments Ageism Adjusting to changes in
Body image
Family roles
Work and leisure
Sexuality
The inevitability of death

12. Cognitive Development
Intelligence
Learning
Memory
Long term
Short term

13. Moral Development
Moral beliefs
Spiritual needs

14. Nutrition Nutritional needs Weight maintenance Eating patterns
Fluid needs
Malnutrition risks

15. Sleep and Rest
Need less sleep and more rest
Measures to promote sleep

16. Exercise and Leisure Maintain moderate physical activity
Problems associated with inactivity

17. Safety Physical changes resulting in accidents
Auditory and visual changes
Gait changes
Neurological changes
Fear causing social isolation
Abuse

18. Health Promotion Healthy lifestyle Exercise Diet modification
Health screening and maintenance
Regular immunizations
Early diagnosis and treatment of health problems

19. Special Health Concerns
Delirium
Dementia
Depression and suicide

20. Regulatory Programs Social Security Medicare Medicaid
Rights of the elderly
DNR
Living Will

21. Chapter Challenge Explain the term old
List five normal age-related physical changes
Distinguish delirium from dementia