2. The inventor of spirometer: John Hutchinson (1846)

3. Static lung volumes IC

4. Slow (SVC) and forced (FVC) vital capacity in
health and disease

5. Asthma (55 year, female) FVC: 2.4 (73 ref%) – 3.1 (92 ref%)
FEV1: 1.0 (36 ref%) – 1.5 (52 ref%)
FEV1/FVC: 42% - 49%

6. COPD = postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC<70%

7. Mild lung fibrosis (53 year, male)
FVC: 92 ref% TLC: 85 ref%
FEV1: 89 ref% RV: 83 ref%
FEV1/FVC: 77% DLCO: 52 ref%

8. Severe fibrosis (62 year, female)
FVC: 75 ref% TLC: 63 ref%
FEV1: 78 ref% RV: 57 ref%
FEV1/FVC: 87% DLCO: 34 ref%

9. Heart failure (83 year, female)
FVC: 55 ref%
FEV1: 49 ref%
FEV1/FVC: 74%

12. Ventilation and V/Q ratio

13. Branching of the
airways

14. Volumes, flows
and pressures
during the
breathing cycle
in the
normal lung

15. Elastic forces and airway diameter

16. Healthy
COPD

17. Spirogram and flow-volume loop

18. Typical spirograms

19. Typical spirograms and
flow-volume loops

20. Etiology of obstructive and restrictive ventilatory
disorders

21. Pathophysiology of the variable lesion of the
major airways

22. Typical F-V loops in cases of lesions of
the major airways

25. Flow-volume loops
A:normal, B:obstructive, C:restrictive

26. Inhalative provocation test with metacholin

27. Asthma

28. COPD

29. COPD

30. Lung fibrosis

31. Provocation
tests
1.Metacholine
mg/ml
2.Histamine
3.Exercise

32. Pharm.spir.
Beta-2 agonist
Parasympatho-
lytics
Xantin derivate

33. Use of spacer with MDI