1. Physiology L3

2. Aim
The aim of this session is to identify the respiratory adaptations to exercise.

3. How the Respiratory system works:
respiratory system and how it works

4. Respiratory System = Function of the respiratory system
Taking O2 to the working muscles
Helping remove waste
= Function of the respiratory system

5. Respiratory ADAPTATIONS
Endurance training reduces the resting respiratory rate and the breathing rate during sub-maximal exercise
Endurance training also provides a small increase in lung volumes:
Vital capacity (the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath) increases (slightly)
Tidal Volume (The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath) increases (slightly)
Strength of the respiratory muscles is largely responsible for this as it aids lung inflation.

6. Respiratory ADAPTATIONS
Endurance training also increases the capillarisation around the alveoli, this helps to increase the rate of gas exchange in the lungs and therefore, increase the amount of oxygen entering the blood and the amount of carbon dioxide leaving the blood

7. The neuromuscular system

8. Neuromuscular ADAPTATIONS
Endurance training results in an:
Increase in the muscular stores of muscle glycogen
Increased of delivery of O2 to the working muscles, through, an increase in the concentration of myoglobin and increased capillary density through the muscle

9. Neuromuscular ADAPTATIONS
How does the body deal with the increase in blood to the working muscles?
By the skeletal muscles ability to consume oxygen…..how?

10. Neuromuscular ADAPTATIONS
By increase in the number and size of mitochondria, therefore the increased activity of the enzymes involved in aerobic process’s that take place in the mitochondria
As a result of the increase and size in mitochondria there is a greater use and breakdown of fat and glycogen as a fuel.

11. Neuromuscular ADAPTATIONS
Slow twitch fibres can enlarge up to 22 %
This gives the greater potential for aerobic respiration
Hypertrophy of slow twitch fibres means that there is a corresponding increase in the stores of glycogen and triglycerides. This ensures a continuous supply of energy, enabling endurance capability

12. Neuromuscular ADAPTATIONS
All of the following adaptations result in an increased VO² Max

13. Neuromuscular ADAPTATIONS
Hypertrophy of the fast twitch fibres is a result of high intensity training.
There are increased levels of ATP and PC in the muscle and an increase capacity to generate ATP by the PC energy system
This is partly due to the increased activity of the enzymes which break down PC

14. Neuromuscular ADAPTATIONS
ATP production by anaerobic glycolysis is increased as a result of enhanced activity of the glycolytic enzymes.
There is also an increased ability to break down glycogen in the absence of oxygen.

15. Neuromuscular ADAPTATIONS
As lactic acid accumulates, it decreases the Ph levels of the blood, making it more acidic.
This increase level of hydrogen ions will eventually prevent the glycolitic enzyme functioning.
However anaerobic training increases the buffering capacity of the body and enables it to work for longer in periods of high acidity.

16. Aim
The aim of this session is to identify the respiratory adaptations to exercise.