Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Connecting LANs, Backbone Networks
Chapter 8 Connecting LANs, Backbone Networks ,Satellite Network Wireless WANs, Cellular Telephone and Satellite Networks
2
Objectives The basic objective of this chapter are as under:-
1. To make students understand the Connecting Devices i.e Passive Hubs, Active Hubs, Bridges, Two-Layer Switches, Routers, Three-Layer Switches, Gateways 2. To understand the concept of Cellular Network and Satellite Communication.
3
Topics discussed in this section:
CONNECTING DEVICES In this section, we divide connecting devices into five different categories based on the layer in which they operate in a network. Topics discussed in this section: Passive Hubs Active Hubs Bridges Two-Layer Switches Routers Three-Layer Switches Gateways
4
Figure 15.1 Five categories of connecting devices
5
Figure 15.2 A repeater connecting two segments of a LAN
6
A repeater connects segments of a LAN.
Note A repeater connects segments of a LAN.
7
A repeater forwards every frame; it has no filtering capability.
Note A repeater forwards every frame; it has no filtering capability.
8
A repeater is a regenerator, not an amplifier.
Note A repeater is a regenerator, not an amplifier.
9
Figure 15.3 Function of a repeater
10
Figure 15.4 A hierarchy of hubs
11
A bridge has a table used in filtering decisions.
Note A bridge has a table used in filtering decisions.
12
Figure 15.5 A bridge connecting two LANs
13
A bridge does not change the physical (MAC) addresses in a frame.
Note A bridge does not change the physical (MAC) addresses in a frame.
14
Figure 15.6 A learning bridge and the process of learning
15
Figure 15.7 Loop problem in a learning bridge
16
Figure 15.11 Routers connecting independent LANs and WANs
17
Topics discussed in this section:
BACKBONE NETWORKS A backbone network allows several LANs to be connected. In a backbone network, no station is directly connected to the backbone; the stations are part of a LAN, and the backbone connects the LANs. Topics discussed in this section: Bus Backbone Star Backbone Connecting Remote LANs
18
In a bus backbone, the topology of the backbone is a bus.
Note In a bus backbone, the topology of the backbone is a bus.
19
Figure Bus backbone
20
In a star backbone, the topology of the backbone is a star;
Note In a star backbone, the topology of the backbone is a star; the backbone is just one switch.
21
Figure Star backbone
22
Figure 15.14 Connecting remote LANs with bridges
23
Note A point-to-point link acts as a LAN in a remote backbone connected by remote bridges.
24
Topics discussed in this section:
VIRTUAL LANs We can roughly define a virtual local area network (VLAN) as a local area network configured by software, not by physical wiring. Topics discussed in this section: Membership Configuration Communication between Switches IEEE Standard Advantages
25
Figure 15.15 A switch connecting three LANs
26
Figure 15.16 A switch using VLAN software
27
Figure 15.17 Two switches in a backbone using VLAN software
28
VLANs create broadcast domains.
Note VLANs create broadcast domains.
29
Topics discussed in this section:
CELLULAR TELEPHONY Cellular telephony is designed to provide communications between two moving units, called mobile stations (MSs), or between one mobile unit and one stationary unit, often called a land unit. Topics discussed in this section: Frequency-Reuse Principle Transmitting Receiving Roaming First Generation Second Generation Third Generation
30
Figure 16.1 Cellular system
31
Figure 16.2 Frequency reuse patterns
32
AMPS is an analog cellular phone system using FDMA.
Note AMPS is an analog cellular phone system using FDMA.
33
Figure 16.3 Cellular bands for AMPS
34
Figure 16.4 AMPS reverse communication band
35
Figure 16.5 Second-generation cellular phone systems
36
Figure 16.12 IMT-2000 radio interfaces
37
Topics discussed in this section:
SATELLITE NETWORKS A satellite network is a combination of nodes, some of which are satellites, that provides communication from one point on the Earth to another. A node in the network can be a satellite, an Earth station, or an end-user terminal or telephone. Topics discussed in this section: Orbits Footprint Three Categories of Satellites GEO Satellites MEO Satellites LEO Satellites
38
Figure 16.13 Satellite orbits
39
Figure 16.14 Satellite categories
40
Figure 16.15 Satellite orbit altitudes
41
Table 16.1 Satellite frequency bands
42
Figure 16.16 Satellites in geostationary orbit
43
Figure 16.17 Orbits for global positioning system (GPS) satellites
44
Figure Trilateration
45
Figure 16.19 LEO satellite system
46
Figure 16.20 Iridium constellation
47
Note The Iridium system has 66 satellites in six LEO orbits, each at an altitude of 750 km.
48
Note Iridium is designed to provide direct worldwide voice and data communication using handheld terminals, a service similar to cellular telephony but on a global scale.
49
Figure Teledesic
50
Note Teledesic has 288 satellites in 12 LEO orbits, each at an altitude of 1350 km.
Similar presentations
