1. Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s S. M
Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s S.M. Joshi College Hadapsar, Pune Introduction to Research Methods
Sub: Research Methodology
Teacher: Mr. Gaikwad Sangharsh
4/5/2019

2. Research Defined
Research is an organized and systematic way to find answers to questions
Research is a creative process

3. Why is research important to medicine and public health?
Knowledge obtained from sound research is transformed into clinical practice, leading to medical practice that is evidence-based.

4. The Research Idea Professional experience Burning questions Literature
Professional meetings
Discussions

5. Criteria for developing a good research question
Feasible
Interesting
Novel
Ethical
Relevant
Cummings et al. 2001

6. Good research question?
Feasible
Subjects
Resources
Manageable
Data available?
Interesting
Novel
In relation to previous findings
Confirm or refute?
New setting, new population
Ethical
Social or scientific value
Safe
Relevant
Advance scientific knowledge?
Influence clinical practice?
Impact health policy?
Guide future research?

7. A Research Question Must Identify
The variables under study
The population being studied
The testability of the question

8. Variables in research Have 2 or more properties or qualities
Age, sex, weight, height
Is one variable related to another?
“ Is X related to Y? What is the effect of X on Y?” etc.

9. Variables in research Independent variable: Dependent variable:
has a presumed effect on the dependent variable (outcome)
May or may not be manipulated
Dependent variable:
Something that varies with a change in the independent variable
Outcome variable

10. Hypothesis
Statement about the relationship between 2 or more variables
Converts the question into a statement that predicts an expected outcome
A unit or subset of the research problem

11. Characteristics of hypotheses
Declarative statement that identifies the predicted relationship between 2 or more variables
Testability
Based on sound scientific theory/rationale