1. Get Ready for the New Internet: IPv.6
Class 5: Co-existing and Adopting IPv.6 - The Challenges
September 12, 2014 Charles J. Lord, PE President, Consultant, Trainer Blue Ridge Advanced Design and Automation

2. This Week’s Agenda
9/8 Background and Overview of IP4 / IP6 9/9 Features of IPv.4 Versus IPv.6 9/10 Addressing in IPv.6 9/11 IPv.6: Traffic and Routing 9/12 Co-existing and Adopting IPv.6 – The Challenges

3. This Week’s Agenda
9/8 Background and Overview of IP4 / IP6 9/9 Features of IPv.4 Versus IPv.6 9/10 Addressing in IPv.6 9/11 IPv.6: Traffic and Routing 9/12 Co-existing and Adopting IPv.6 – The Challenges

4. IPv6 is NOT an IPv4 extension
Different formats
Different toolset
Bigger address space
Simpler structure
If there was no existing IPv4 infrastructure, IPv6 would be very easy to roll out… BUT-

5. The Existing Net
Taken from worldipv6launch.org September 1, 2014

6. The Existing Net
Taken from worldipv6launch.org September 1, 2014

7. Google Just Broke 4% IPv6 Use

8. How Fast Growing?
World IPv6 Launch: “If current trends continue, more than half of all Internet users will be IPv6-connected in less than four years”
Look at the speed that the Web grew – from introduction to taking over the Internet in three years
Mobile Revolution
IoT
“Smart” EVERYTHING…

9. Food for Thought
With the drive to Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in just the automotive area, ignoring smart highway and smart grid tie-ins, we can easily have over 50 IP addresses per automobile. With a current base of over a billion vehicles today, as these are replaced (and the number itself grows), we will easily see 100B nodes in this one application area

10. IPv6 Launch
6 June 2012
All major backbones are now IPv6 capable (parallel with v4)
All major current OS support IPv6
Android 4.4 (4.0.2 somewhat)
Windows since XP-SP3
MacOS / iOS
It is the remaining infrastructure that is v4-only

11. Using IPv6 in a IPv4 World Dual Stack Tunneling protocols: Gateways
Toredo
6in4
6to4
6RD
Gateways

12. Dual Stack
“Easiest” way – run concurrent stacks of IPv.4 and IPv.6
The computer you are on right now is doing this
Most of the Backbone, DNS, etc
A LOT of memory and computation for a small microcontroller, though!

14. Tunneling or Encapsulation

15. Toredo
One of the earliest encapsulation methods
Based on a public IPv.4 address
Prefix 2001::/8
NOT recommended for new development
Included in Windows – should be turned OFF

16. 6in4
Simplest of encapsulation methods
Pad a v4 address with leading zeroes
Not supported for many functions
Replaced by Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)
Works well for an isolated network
Many vulnerabilities – turn OFF on a globally connected network

17. 6to4
Some improvement over previous, still in use
Special prefix 2002
Uses both IPv4 address and EUI-64
Still plagued with communications failures

18. 6RD IPv6 Rapid Deployment
Robust system, developed in five weeks in 2007 in France
Actually named for Remi Despres, a user that pushed for the ISP (Free) to provide IPv6
Now widely used by many ISPs worldwide
ISP has to have a 6RD portal – Prefix is a special one assigned to your ISP
Most popular – and robust – tunneling protocol

19. Gateways
Used more in control and sensor networks
Outgrowth of PAN <-> IPv4 gateways
“Best” solution for building connections such as a 6loPAN to IPv4 network, as the local network can be made IPv6-ONLY

20. Applications What about the Web? DNSv6 is still getting populated
An address may have a v6 (AAAA) record, but there may be features on the site that are still v4-only
A site may have elements with A records and AAAA records

21. Level 2 Support Ethernet Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
IEEE (6LoPAN)
ATM
Frame Relay

24. Handy Tools Wireshark (and others) Android: “IPv6 and More” app (free)
List of tools and resources at

25. References Hagen, Silvia: IPv6 Essentials (O’Reilly)
Davies, Joseph: Understanding IPv6 (Microsoft)
RFCs
(See last slide)

26. This Week’s Agenda
9/8 Background and Overview of IP4 / IP6 9/9 Features of IPv.4 Versus IPv.6 9/10 Addressing in IPv.6 9/11 IPv.6: Traffic and Routing 9/12 Co-existing and Adopting IPv.6 – The Challenges

27. Please stick around as I answer your questions!
Please give me a moment to scroll back through the chat window to find your questions
I will stay on chat as long as it takes to answer!
I am available to answer simple questions or to consult (or offer in-house training for your company)