1. The Central Nervous System (C.N.S)
MINDARIE SENIOR COLLEGE
3A/3B HUMAN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

2. The Central Nervous System is made up of
the brain and the spinal cord.

3. The brain

4. The brain The spinal cord
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre B13

5. The main parts of the CNS (left side facing)
cerebrum
Spinal cord
cerebellum
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

6. The main parts of the CNS (right side facing)
cerebrum
spinal cord
cerebellum
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

7. Cerebrum features
outermost layer contains the cerebral cortex (grey matter)
middle layer contains the white matter
innermost layer contains grey matter called the basal ganglia

8. Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
Cerebrum
cerebral cortex
thalamus
cerebrum
hypothalamus
mid-brain
cerebellum
pons varolii
spinal cord
medulla oblongata
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

9. Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The cerebral cortex
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

10. Functional areas of the cerebral cortex
Primary sensory area
Primary motor area
Speech
Primary visual area
Visual association area
Motor area for speech
Primary auditory area
Auditory association area
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

11. The functional areas of the cerebral cortex
thinking
reasoning
learning
memory
intelligence
sense of responsibility
perception of the senses
initiation and control of voluntary muscle contraction

12. Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
Cerebral cortex
cerebral cortex
thalamus
cerebrum
hypothalamus
mid-brain
cerebellum
pons varolii
spinal cord
medulla oblongata
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

13. The functional areas of the cerebrum
sensory areas interpret impulses from receptors.
motor areas control muscular movements.
association areas are involved with intellectual and emotional processes.

14. Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
Cerebrum
cerebral cortex
thalamus
cerebrum
hypothalamus
mid-brain
cerebellum
pons varolii
spinal cord
medulla oblongata
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

15. The hypothalamus regulates:
heart rate
body temperature
movement of food through the alimentary canal
food and water intake
patterns of waking and sleeping
contraction of the urinary bladder
sexual cycles
sensory information from internal organs
associated with fear and anger
the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

16. Acknowledgement: Picture of Model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
Hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
thalamus
cerebrum
hypothalamus
mid-brain
cerebellum
pons varolii
spinal cord
medulla oblongata
Acknowledgement: Picture of Model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

17. The medulla oblongata regulates:
heartbeat through its cardiovascular centre
breathing rhythm through its respiratory centre
the diameter of blood vessels through its vasomotor centre

18. Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
Medulla oblongata
cerebral cortex
thalamus
cerebrum
hypothalamus
mid-brain
cerebellum
pons Varolii
spinal cord
medulla oblongata
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

19. The spinal cord

20. The action of the spinal cord
Sensory neurons pick up signals from the
skin and transfer that information to
connector neurons in the spinal cord and/or
brain.
This information is relayed on to the motor
neurons in the spinal cord to illicit a
response.

21. connector neuron sensory neuron motor neuron
Acknowledgement: Picture taken from Newton & Joyce, Human Perspectives Book 2 Fig 21.3 Revised Edition 2000 pg 268

22. connector neuron sensory neuron motor neuron
Acknowledgement: Picture taken from Newton & Joyce, Human Perspectives Book 2 Fig 21.3 Revised Edition 2000 pg 268