1. Industrial Revolution
GREAT INCREASE IN PRODUCING PRODUCTS BY MACHINE

2. Unit Objectives
Understanding the causes of and development of Industrial Revolution
Identifying where the Industrial Revolution began and why
Identifying important people, inventions, and methods of the Industrial Revolution
Identifying positive and negative impacts of industrialization

3. Industrialization happened in two stages
1) Cottage Industry (Domestic System):
CONTRACTING WORK TO BE DONE IN HOME  
-Most workers balanced work with
agricultural work they were already
doing

5. 2) Factory System:
LABOR SYSTEM IN WHICH THE WORKERS AND
THE MACHINES WERE BROUGHT TOGETHER AT A
CENTRAL LOCATION UNDER SUPERVISION OF
MANAGERS
-Workers forced to make factory work full time
primary occupation if they wanted jobs

8. Great Britain was first nation to industrialize for three reasons:
1) GOOD WATERWAYS (GOOD TRANSPORTATION
NECESSARY TO GET PRODUCTS TO MARKETS)
2) PLENTIFUL NATURAL RESOURCES

9. 3) SUCCESSFUL AGRICULTURE What does a successful agriculture have to do with industry?

10. PEOPLE HAD SURPLUS MONEY TO INVEST IN NEW IDEAS AND INDUSTRY

11. Enclosure Movement
NEW LAWS THAT ALLOWED LAND OWNERS TO FENCE IN LAND AND CREATE LARGE PRIVATE FIELDS TO CULTIVATE
Many land owners tried new agricultural
methods and many small farmers moved to the
cities looking for work in the factories
The laws allowed for more private ownership and
efficient use of land, which led to more
surplus profit money that could be invested
in industry

13. At first Britain tried to keep secrets of
industrialization to themselves because it
gave them economic advantage; later, when
information leaked out and industrialization
began to spread to other countries, Britain
invested in their industry and made even
more money as a result

14. First main industry:

15. TEXTILES (CLOTHING)
Impact of Henry Bessemer:
DISCOVERED NEW CHEAPER MORE EFFICIENT WAY TO MAKE STEEL

16. Rise of the Middle Class
The Middle Class did not exist before the Industrial Revolution—there were just the land-owning noble and the serfs who worked the land before
The new Middle Class was made up of merchants, businessmen, factory owners, skilled workers—NOT factory workers-they were the new serfs (lowest class)

17. Urbanization
The rapid uncontrolled growth of cities that resulted from industrialization as people flooded the cities from rural areas looking for work in the factories
Cities doubled and tripled in population faster than city planers could accommodate them leading to not enough police, fire, places to live, etc.

18. “Mass Society”
A society of the masses (large population) in the cities made up of people of all social classes who demanded government attention
Led to movements to improve public health and sanitation, public education, and women’s rights as governments learned to appeal to the masses, not just the wealthy

19. Unions
Factory owners had all the advantages because the government and courts saw unions as a threat to social order
Organizations established to fight for the workers—Going was tough for many years
Finally progress was made when skilled workers (workers with specific skills) joined unions and the government and courts started to support workers

20. Increased industry led to a need for improvements in transportation
New roads and canals were built
Railroads were invented and quickly spread
in the early 1800’s

22. Impact of the railroads
CHEAP WAY TO TRANSPORT FINISHED PRODUCTS TO MARKET
2) NEW JOBS FOR RAILROAD WORKERS AND
MINERS (MINERS PROVIDED IRON FOR
TRACKS & COAL FOR STEAM ENGINES

23. 3) BOOSTED AGRICULTURAL & FISHING
INDUSTRIES (COULD TRANSPORT PRODUCTS
FARTHER)
4) ENCOURAGED PEOPLE TO TAKE JOBS IN CITIES
WITHOUT HAVING TO MOVE THERE AND
ALLOWED CITY DWELLERS TO VACATION IN
COUNTRY

25. Terms to Know
Capital:
Money needed to invest in labor, machinery, and raw
materials needed for industry
Entrepreneur:
Businessmen willing to risk their money investing in
industry
Capitalism:
Business owners decide for themselves how best to make a
profit (PROFIT DRIVES CAPITALISM)
Free Enterprise System:
Business owners decide for themselves how best to make a profit

26. Industrial Capitalism:
Factory owners always looking to expand their own business or invest in others
Mass Production:
Producing large numbers of the same product in an effort to reduce
the cost of making the product and increasing profit as a result
Interchangeable Parts:
Standard parts for machinery that allowed machinery to be made
and repaired more efficiently (Eli Whitney)

27. Frederick Taylor:
Efficiency expert who taught factory owners how to be more
efficient with concepts like Division of Labor
Division of Labor:
Dividing a workforce and assigning different groups different
specific tasks
Assembly Line:
Moving a product along a moving line and stationing workers at
various points along the line to complete the same task on each
product as it passed them (perfected by Henry Ford)

28. Partnership:
Business arrangement between two people to pool resources
Corporation:
Agreement between a large group to pool resources; usually run by group of stock holders that vote on important issues
Depression:
Lowest point of business cycle (causes unemployment, etc.)