1. Organic Chemistry

2. What is an organic molecule?
Unit 1: Biochemistry and Digestion
What is an organic molecule?
Contains Carbon and Hydrogen
May contain N, O, P, and/or S
SPONCH = all possible elements
Contains Functional group
Chemically reactive groups of atoms
Organic molecules make up living things

3. Macromolecule
Large molecules formed by the chemical combining of smaller molecules
Organic molecules in Biology are a type of Macromolecule
Proteins can contain 1000s of amino acids

4. Monomer vs. Polymer
Chemical process that forms biological macromolecules
In Biology….
Polymer = organic macromolecule
Monomer – smaller molecules that chemically combine to make polymer

5. What types of organic molecules exist?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

6. Carbohydrates What are they in simple terms? What do they do for us?
Sugars
Starches
What do they do for us?
Energy storage!! (Both long and short term)
What’s the monomer?
A monosaccharide (glucose, fructose, etc.)

7. Carbohydrates What do they look like?
Monosaccharide (glucose/fructose)

8. Dehydration Synthesis!

10. How do you break larger molecules (for example, polymers) into monomers? More specifically, how would you convert one polysaccharide molecule into multiple monosaccharide molecules?

11. Hydrolysis!!

12. Examples Monosaccharide (glucose/fructose)
Disaccharide (sucrose/lactose/maltose)
Polysaccharide (starch/glycogen/cellulose)

13. Nucleic Acids What is it in simple terms? What does it do for us?
DNA and RNA
What does it do for us?
Stores hereditary information
What are the monomers?
Nucleotides (see drawing)

14. Lipids What are they? What do they do for us? Fats, oils, and waxes
Store energy
Form cell membranes
Act as chemical messengers (hormones)

15. Triglycerides What the components? Glycerol backbone
Three fatty acid chains

16. Examples of Lipids
Triglycerides
Steroids
Phospholipids

17. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat

18. Proteins What do they do for us? EVERYTHING!
Structural components of cells and bodies
Muscle movement
Antibodies (immune system)
Hemoglobin (Transport O2 and CO2)
Chemical messengers (hormones)
Enzymes (speed up chemical reactions)

19. Proteins
What is the monomer?
Amino acids
Start here

20. Unit 1: Biochemistry and Digestion

21. Dehydration Synthesis!
Prevents heart disease

22. Dehydration Synthesis!
Prevents heart disease

23. How can there be so many different proteins?
Proteins are 1000s of amino acids long…
Think about how many words that you can form with 26 letters… (and words aren’t even close to 1000 letters long)