1. Embedding Quotations
Adapted by K. Adams (2012) from a presentation adapted by J. Krajeck (2007) w/thanks to Dr. C. Butler, Sandy Valley H.S.

2. Don’t Strand Quotations!
S.Q.’s are quotations with NO home….NEVER a quotation that has no speaker or interpreted meaning from YOU [as the writer]
Stranded quotations are the proverbial “fishes out of water.” Also called “Island Quotations.”

3. Paraphrase or Summarize
If the sentence is not quotation-worthy, then use a paraphrase or summary type sentence, e.g., George said that he would never talk to his sister again (Poe 35).
(It is not necessary for the audience to know George’s exact words, only that he will not be talking to his sister…thus, George’s words are not “quotation-worthy.)

4. He/ She said
Simple sentence tag (Use of author/character name is preferred: Hawthorne implies…)
He said, “There is a full moon tonight” (Hawthorn 145).
Comma before quote
Capitalize first word
Period before end quote
Use more precise terms for says: believes, maintains, suggests, implies

5. Embedded sentence,Type I
George said that “no one could compare with the great LeBron James” (Howard 98).
No comma before quote
No cap for first word of quote

6. Embedded Sentence, Type II
The fact that “Elizabeth wanted a gown more beautiful than anyone else’s” shows how vain she is (Klein 56).
The line “Look upon my works, ye mighty, and despair” captures the arrogance of the ruler.

7. Divided
“You are,” she said reluctantly, “the best pitcher we have seen yet” (Hahn 45).
Comma before end quote
Comma before second half of quote
No cap for second half

8. Speaker Details
John Smith, the author of Chocolate Rules, believes, “Nothing can take the place of the simple M&M candy” (34)
Appositive (noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it)
Comma on either side of appositive

9. Intro summary (Colon)
Frost repeats the last line to convey a sense of weariness: “And I have miles to go before I sleep. / And I have miles to go before I sleep.”
Full sentence before the colon that summarizes idea of quote
Full sentence for quote
/ means a line break for a poem

10. List of words
“Vile,” “gritty,” “torn,” and “shabby” all suggest the deterioration of the world Winston lives in.
Quotes for each word
Commas before the end quotes

11. Embedded Phrases
Winston needed to show a face of “quiet optimism” to conceal his desire for revolution (Blake 34).
No commas
No capitalization

12. When to dot, dot, dot and when to not, not, not
series of dots that usually indicate an intentional omission of a word, sentence or whole section from the original text being quoted.
used to indicate an unfinished thought or, at the end of a sentence, a trailing off into silence.

13. Dropping Words
You use ellipses to indicate where you've dropped words or sentences
Reduce redundancies
Get to the point
Original quote - “I cannot help it; reason has nothing to do with it; I love her against reason.”
“I cannot help it I love her against reason.”

14. Dropping Words Cont. Don’t use it to change the meaning of a sentence!
Don’t put it at the beginning of a sentence
Don’t put it at the end of a sentence

15. Long Quotes More than four lines of text
12 point TNR
Start on a new line, with the entire quote indented one inch from the left margin
parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark
When quoting verse, maintain original line breaks
Maintain Double Spacing

16. Long Quotes - Prose
Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration: They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)

17. Long Quote - Poem
In his poem "My Papa's Waltz," Theodore Roethke explores his childhood with his father: The whiskey on your breath Could make a small boy dizzy; But I hung on like death: Such waltzing was not easy. We Romped until the pans Slid from the kitchen shelf; My mother's countenance Could not unfrown itself. (Shugrue 202)

18. Adding Words to a Quote
Use brackets around the word to indicate it was not a part of the original quote.
Brackets [ ]
Parenthesis ( )
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states, "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78).

19. Adding Words to a Quote - Pronouns
Change the pronoun to better fit
"Reading is also a process and it also changes you."
Margaret Atwood wants her readers to realize that “reading is also a process and it also changes [them]" (30).

20. Adding Words to a Quote - Pronouns
Change a pronoun to a noun or proper noun to make more sense
Original Quote – “On the weekends, I took her to the mall and tried to find her things she might like.”
Alice remembers that “on the weekends, I took [Mary Fred] to the mall and tried to find her things she might like” (Bardi 72).