1. Enlightenment

2. The Scientific Revolution
Moved Europe from a worldview that was primarily religious, to one that was primarily secular.
Promoted critical thinking
Fostered the creation of a new intellectual movement – The Enlightenment

3. What was it? The Age of Reason (1650-1800)
European philosophers rethought old ideas: 
Government: Skeptical of authority, natural rights.
Religion: Reexamined its role in public life, reason over revelation. 
Economics
Stressed reason, thought, and the power of the individual. 

4. Enlightenment Philosophers
Intellectuals were called Philosophes. 
Challenged rule by absolute monarchs & presented new theories on government
Often in pursuit of independence and democratic ideals
These ideas are reflected in revolutionary documents. 

6. Enlightened Despots
Absolute rulers that supported Enlightenment ideas, but had no intention of giving up any power. 
Catherine the great of Russia and Gustav II of Sweden

7. Women and the Enlightenment
Women still not given the same rights as men.
Debates started about women's role in society and education. 
Mary Wollstonecraft became one of the earliest spokespersons for women’s rights. Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

8. Impact of Enlightenment
Central Theme: Idea of progress
Idea that society could be improved through human action, guided by reason. 
Ideas inspired reform movements and leaders of revolutions
Americas, France, Russia, China, etc.