1. CLASSIFYING LAW

2. CLASSIFYING THE LAW
Our laws get divided or classified in a number of ways:
SUBSTANTIVE LAW – (The Substance of law) consists of all laws that list the rights and obligations or duties of each person in society
PROCEDURAL LAW – (The Process of law) outlines the steps involved in protecting the rights or enforcing the obligations given under substantive law

3. EXAMPLE
Let’s say a police officer stops a motorist and charges that person with drinking and driving… What would be the substantive and procedural aspects of what the officer must do?

4. DIVISIONS OF LAW
Our Substantive category of law then gets divided into two distinct categories:
PUBLIC LAW
PRIVATE LAW

5. PUBLIC LAW
Controls the relationship between government and the people who live in society and represents laws that apply to all individuals
The three types are:
Criminal
Constitutional
Administrative

6. PUBLIC LAW CRIMINAL LAW
Set of rules passed by Parliament defining acts called “crimes” which are offenses against society;
Consists of acts defined in the Criminal Code, and also Controlled Drugs and Substances Act and the Youth Criminal Justice Act
Main purposes of criminal law are to punish offenders, protect society, and prevent crimes
Burden of Proof in a criminal action is beyond a reasonable doubt

7. PUBLIC LAW CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
The laws that set out the structure of the federal, provincial, and territorial governments and the division of powers among them
For example, since the responsibility for education was given to the provinces under the British North America Act, the federal government could not make a ruling on what courses should be taught in high schools.
Oh, and don’t forget the Constitution Act on April 17, 1982…kind of important
* there is a current issue regarding our constitution, MP Monsef

8. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

9. PUBLIC LAW LLBO (Liquor Control) CRTC (Communications)
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Is the area of law that controls the relationship between citizens and government agencies
LLBO (Liquor Control)
CRTC (Communications)
Workers Compensation (Employment)
Various Tribunals (Landlord/Tenants)

10. PRIVATE LAW
Outlines the legal relationship between private citizens/organizations (Also known as Civil law)
Its purpose is to manage the behaviour of persons and organizations in conflict with each other, and to pay damages to those who have been wronged

11. PRIVATE LAW
In a civil case, each party is usually represented by a lawyer
Person who starts an action is the Plaintiff
Person who is being sued is the Defendant
Burden of proof in a civil action is on a balance of probabilities
Defendant will try to show no fault and/or no damages
Private law has SEVERAL divisions….

12. PRIVATE LAW
FAMILY LAW – Support, child custody, division of property, divorce CONTRACT LAW – Outlines requirements for legally binding agreements. Simply (Buying something from a store) or very complicated (Purchasing a string of malls) TORT LAW - Negligence cases

13. PRIVATE LAW
PROPERTY LAW - Property is anything that has value and includes personal property (things in general), real property (land and buildings), and intangibles (something you can own but can’t hold eg. Stocks) LABOUR LAW – Governs the employer/employee relationship and also deals with union/management issues, pay equity (equal pay for equal work), wrongful dismissal, minimum wage, etc.