1. The United States in 1820’s : Not So United!
The Missouri Compromise And Sectionalism

2. REGIONAL ECONOMIES CREATE DIFFERENCES
The Northeast continued to develop industry while the South and West continued to be more agricultural
The Industrial Revolution reached America by the early-mid 19th century
New England embraced factory system
Especially in textile (fabric) mills

3. SOUTH REMAINS AGRICULTURAL
Meanwhile, the South continued to grow as an agricultural power
Eli Whitney’s invention of the Cotton Gin (1793) made producing cotton even more profitable
The South became a “Cotton Kingdom”
More labor was needed – 1790 = ,000 slaves
1820 = 1,500,000 slaves
Cotton Gin quickly separated cotton fiber from seeds

4. BALANCING NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM
Economic differences created political tension between North & South
As the regions moved apart, politicians attempted to keep nation together
House Speaker Henry Clay’s American System called for a protective tariff, a National Bank, and an improved infrastructure to help travel

5. 22 states in the Union in 1819.
Half slave
Half free
equal representation in the U.S. Senate
Missouri applied for statehood…

6. Balance of Free and Slave States (1819)
The Missouri Question - Northerners were against adding Missouri to the union as a slave state because it would disrupt the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states.
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Indiana (1816)
Mississippi (1817)
Ohio (1803)
Louisiana (1812)
Vermont (1791)
Tennessee (1796)
Rhode Island
Kentucky (1792)
New York
Virginia
New Hampshire
North Carolina
Massachusetts
South Carolina
Connecticut
Maryland
New Jersey
Georgia
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Balance of Free and Slave States (1819)
Original 13 States
Free States
Slave States

7. Missouri Compromise of 1820
agreement where Missouri was a slave state and Maine was a free state
An imaginary line was drawn across the southern border of Missouri (at the latitude 36 30'N).
banned slavery in northern Louisiana Territory
kept the balance of slave and free states

8. • Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri.
• Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 36 , 30'N.
• Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri.
Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country.

9. MISSOURI COMPROMISE 1820

10. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
In 1818 settlers in Missouri applied for statehood
Northerners and Southerners disagreed on whether Missouri should be admitted as a “free” state
Henry Clay organized a compromise in which Missouri was “slave” but Maine would be “free”
Also Louisiana Territory split at 36 30’ north latitude
HENRY CLAY: THE GREAT COMPROMISER