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ALCOHOL: The Beverage Wine 3-5 oz. Beer 12oz
Distilled Spirits 1oz shot Each contain ½ oz. Of pure Ethyl Alcohol Beverage produced through fermentation A chemical reaction between yeast, sugar and water All produce similar effects on blood alcoh. levels Percentage of ethyl al. Is the Proof The proof ranges from In distilled spirits proof is twice the %age of alcohol by concentration Remaining ingredients are cogeners Byproducts of distillation such as other alcohol, oils, and organic matter They influence taste and color DMDMDMDMMD 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Alcohol the beverage (cont)
Calories in alcohol are not a good source of nutrition Alcohol contain no vitamins, minerals, fat, or protein Alcohol provides empty calories Lack nutrient density Alcohol is a simple chemical and does not need to be digested 5% leaves body in form of sweat, urine, or breath 95% remains in the body until oxidation Metabolized or chemically changed in liver 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Alcohol Absorption Takes place in the stomach
20% directly into the bloodstream 80% from small intestine into blood The blood alcohol travels to all parts of the body Absorption is influenced by: Number of drinks Strength of alcoholic beverage Other beverages mixed in Water and juices slow absorption Carbonated drinks increase BAC Food -fats, proteins Emotional factors fear, jealousy, anger, stress Blood chemistry 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Liquor is Quicker for Women
30% more alcohol enters the female bloodstream Intoxication -BAC reached quicker than men Due to Lower levels of enzyne Alcohol Dehydrogenase Women have lower % of H2O causing less dilution Women have more fat Alcohol is fat soluble Less absorption during pre menstrual phase Liver breaks down over the years producing less ADH Effect similar to alcohol injected IV A women’s ability to drive, speak, decision making impaired faster than men 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Women and Alcohol A social lubricant to ease social interactions
Used for medicinal reasons One drink a day will add 10LBs of fat per year Increases risk of developing breast cancer and osteoporosis Women are more likely to develop cirrhosis Premature death related to abuse is % higher than men Reduces life span 15yrs Susceptibility to depression and suicide attempts 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Drinking Alcohol Responsibly
Drink no more than one drink per hour Allow time to elapse between drinks Intersperse alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks Sip drinks, avoid gulping Eat before drinking Know your limits Be comfortable choosing not to drink Know when to say “no” Never encourage another woman to drink 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Physical Consequences of Alcohol Abuse
Reproductive System Sexuality Endocrine System Cardiovascular System Liver Digestive System It can be said of Americans abuse alcohol Early menopause, amenorrhea, infertility, miscarriage, FAS Decreased arousal, sex dysfunction Nutritional and metabolic disorders HBP, CAD, reduced clotting Chemical imbalance, cirrhosis, hepatitis, impaired circulation, kidney failure Oral cancer, impaired swallowing, gastritis, poor absorption 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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ALCOHOL RELATED ACCIDENTS
50% of fatal traffic crashes are alcohol related A drunk driver is 8X more likely to a fatal crash 17-53% of fatal falls are alcohol related 21-77% of non fatal falls are alcohol related 38% of all drownings occur due to alcohol 33% of all boaters drink alcohol 3000 deaths are the results of fires and burns where victim had BAC of more than .10 Domestic violence is triggered by alcohol Murders and suicides can start with alcohol 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Alcohol and Dating: Safety Skills
Drinking alcohol lessens your ability to be safe in many situations Including intimate relationships with men Remember the phrase R A P E because date rape is a common occurrence with alcohol R realize what situations can put you in danger A avoid and manage conflicts with partners and intimates P percieve clearly what others are doing, saying, or where they are going E establish and communicate your desires about sex 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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College Aged Women and Alcohol
College women are drinking more and often Usually for the purpose of getting drunk Over consumption is causing physical, behavioral, psychological, social and relational consequences Dieting females drink more and experience more harmful consequences, blackouts, unintended sex, and sexually transmitted diseases Chronic heavy drinking can lead to menstrual irregularities and infertility Diseases caused by excessive alcohol: hbp, obesity, malnutrition, fatty liver, and anemia 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Behavioral and Psychological Effects
Alcohol-related behavior pertains to what women allow others to do them She is more likely to act upon the immediate circumstances rather than consider the long-term consequences She develops antisocial behavior: impulsiveness, dysfunctional relationships and poor parenting skills Asocial behavior: total irresponsibility, discarding friendships, shoplifting and stealing from family and friends 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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ADDICTION AND DEPENDENCY
Addiction is a compulsive, uncontrollable, dependence on a substance, or habit To such a degree that cessation causes severe emotional, mental, or physiological reactions Components include tolerance, physical and psychological dependence 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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PHYSICAL DEPENDENCY Alcohol is a depressant that is capable of creating dependency Body cells have come to depend on the alcohol to maintain homeostasis Once dependent deprivation leads to withdrawal and detoxification Medically, symptoms are more severe than and potentially fatal than narcotics Experienced drinkers appear to hold their liquor but BAC is true picture of the real state of their liver Delirium tremens (DT’s) produce vivid hallucinations, and nausea Insomnia, panic attacks, irregular breathing, abnormal BP and or anxiety may last for weeks causing intense craving for alcohol 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
A learned process affecting the behavior of a long term drinker Strong craving for the feelings alcohol provides Alcohol drinkers learn to control their behavior accordingly It is possible to look and act sober yet not have the skills to drive or use a sharp instrument Because of the psychological feelings of escape, mood swings, relaxation, euphoria, ability to recover may be more difficult than physical dependence 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Alcohol and Pregnancy Fetal alcohol syndrome FAS is the development of multiple problems that occur when a mother abuses alcohol during pregnancy FAS is a completely preventable cluster of birth defects including irreversible mental and physical disabilities Characteristics of FAS include: low birth weight; CNS dysfunction; facial deformities such as small head Low nasal bridge Droopy eyelids, big ears, and thin upper lip 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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ALCOHOLISM This is a chronic, progressive, and potentially fatal disease Abusive alcoholic drinking patterns vary from: regular daily intake of large amounts of alcohol; Heavy weekend drinking Long periods of not drinking interspersed with binge drinking that can last from days to several weeks The cause of alcoholism is basically unknown: The following circumstances are true of alcoholic women’s backgrounds; Alcoholic parents; child abuse; teen drinking; disconnected families and decline of religious affiliations 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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FOUR PHASES OF ALCOHOLISM
Prealcoholic phase Early alcoholic phase True alcoholic phase Complete alcoholic phase Social drinking to occasional drinking to relieve tension etc. Drinking becomes more significant- Blackouts occur Completely dominated by alcohol Complete physiological dependence 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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CODEPENDENCY Preoccupation with a particular individual and her or his problems to the point of self neglect It is unhealthy because she allows her physical, emotional, social, and mental life to be dependent on other people Try to control events and people through: Helplessness, guilt, coercion, threats, advice giving, manipulation, and or domination She is likely to develop stress related disorders such as migraines, ulcers, arthritis and even heart disease and cancer Women with codependent traits can obtain help through individual or family counseling 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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TYPES OF TREATMENT Intervention Lifestyle behavior change
Stress management Individual counseling Spiritual renewal Hospitalization Drug therapy Aversion therapy Support groups Chemical treatments Aftercare Prevention 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Addiction and Dependency
Define: addiction Physical Dependency Homeostasis Withdrawal symptoms Detoxification Delirium tremens Psychological dependence 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Alcohol: The Beverage Types of beverages Serving sizes
Alcohol Components Fermentation Proof Cogeners Nutritional value Absorption Factors that affect absorption Oxidation Types of alcohol What is a “hangover” 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Why is Liquor Quicker for Women
Enzymes BAC Fat soluble Water Soluble Depressant Psychoactive Drug Mortality Morbidity Alcohol and Romance 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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College -Aged Women and Alcohol
Alcohol usage Reasons they drink Alcohol abuse on campus Drinking Alcohol responsibly Hormonal Effects 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Alcohol and Pregnancy FAS Prenatal Postnatal Mother Baby Placenta
Glucose and O2 deficit to brain FEA Fathers abuse of alcohol prior to conception 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Is Alcoholism a Disease?
Who becomes an alcoholic? What ethnic group has highest incidence of abuse? What ethnic group has lowest incidence of abuse? Indicators of alcoholism What circumstances can lead to female alcoholism? Codependency Passed down through the family? 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Treatment Modalities Intervention Lifestyle changes Stress Management
Counseling Spiritual Renewal Hospitalization Drug therapy Aversion therapy AA Chemical Treatment Treatment centers Follow-up care Prevention 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Disease Potential for Women and Alcohol
Cirrhosis of the liver Reproductive system Sexuality Endocrine system Cardiovascular system Digestive system 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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Alcohol and Women Why is Liquor Quicker with Women
Alcohol: The beverage College- Aged Women and Alcohol Disease Potential for Women and Alcohol Alcohol and Pregnancy Addiction and Dependency Is Alcoholism a Disease Treatment Modalities 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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VOCABULARY CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
ISOPROPYL BUTYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE ADH BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION “HANGOVER” FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME DETOXIFICATION DELITIUM TREMENS PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDANCE ETHYL ALCOHOL FERMENTATION PROOF OXIDATION ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE METHANOL ADDICTION PHYSICAL DEPENDENCY HOMEOSTASIS WITHDRAWL SYMPTOMS 4/3/2019 CHAPTER 3 ALCOHOL
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