1. 5G Technology: Regulatory Perspective
5th Feb 2019
U.K. Srivastava
Pr. Advisor (Network, Spectrum & Licensing)
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India

2. Major Regulatory Challenges
Access Spectrum Availability
Backhaul Requirement
Fiberization
Backhaul Spectrum
Cell Densification
Spectrum Valuation
Security and Privacy Challenges
Quality of Service
Other Concerns

3. ACCESS SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY

4. Spectrum Available (MHz) Spectrum yet to be assigned (MHz)
Challenge for India
5G service is likely to complement earlier generation mobile networks for quite a while. Over a period of time, spectrum bands being used for 2G/3G/4G, will be refarmed to 5G.
Spectrum in <3 GHz range assigned for mobile service is comparatively less.
Band
Spectrum Available (MHz)
Spectrum yet to be assigned (MHz)
700 MHz Band
2x35 70
800 MHz Band
2x17.5 35 5
900 MHz Band
2x20 40
1800 MHz Band
2x55
110 4
2100 MHz Band
20X60
120 25
2300 MHz Band 80 60 20
2500 MHz Band 10
Total
475
134
. Considering 4 TSPs Indian Market Scenario, per TSP spectrum holding is around 85 MHz.
In China, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Singapore, per TSP spectrum holding is about MHz.

5. BACKHAUL REQUIREMENT

6. BACKHAUL REQUIREMENT
The Cisco Visual Networking Index forecast estimates that global IP traffic will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 24% from 2016 to 2021 and reach 3.3 zettabyte per year by 2021 (278 EB per month)

7. ONLY 20% SITES ON FIBRE
The number of fiberised sites stood at only 20% of the total tower sites in 2016 as compared to 65-80% in countries like the US, China, Japan and Korea.
Microwave may not be able to support speeds of up to 10 Gbps as promised by 5G technology.

8. FIBERISATION Major Fiber Investment needed RoW Policy
Levy of high charges
Lack of uniformity in decision making processes
Non-availability of single window system for RoW clearance
Long time in granting permissions

9. WIRELESS BACKHAUL Harmonized spectrum for backhaul
Allocation of Spectrum in V-band (57 GHz - 64 GHz) and E-band (71 GHz GHz) for backhaul links.
Aggregation & contiguity of 28MHz spots allocated in 15/18/23GHz band for achieving capability upto 1Gbps on microwave hops

10. CELL DENSIFICATION

11. CELL DENSIFICATION
5G will use mm wave frequencies whose propagation capabilities are weak. Therefore, it will, no doubt, require the widespread deployment of low-power base stations (small cells).
Possible constraints:
Suitable sites for small cells are not easy to find.
Site owners may make exclusive or restrictive arrangements with network operators;
5G antennae will probably be larger (in the m2 range ) than current 2G, 3G or 4G antennae, because massive MIMO processing will require the use of a very large number of radiating elements. Moreover, Additional antennae compatible with new 5G bands will also need to be deployed.
Possible Constraint: Re-use of existing masts could very well be problematic, and new (possibly collocated) transmission sites will need to be found.
Regulatory Role
Keep a close eye on the matter and, if necessary, adopt measures that will facilitate 5G rollouts.
Use of municipal infrastructure for site densification Non-exclusive rights to use municipal infra for small cells

12. SPECTRUM VALUATION

13. THE CHALLENGES IN VALUING 5G SPECTRUM
Estimation of possible revenue streams- The first major challenge is what services would be offered in the future and what the resulting revenue streams which will provide the basis for a valuation. Unlike 4G, it is no more a single class of revenue and traffic in 5G. Forecasting eMBB , mMTC and uRLLC will be challenging.
Technical 5G spectrum valuation challenges: Difficult to figure out which of the present 2G/3G/4G bands can be considered as alternative, substitute bands to 5G bands in near future? Therefore, it is difficult to develop any technical model of valuation.
No real world Data Available: The mmWave bands (i.e. small cells) will make Spectrum deployment modelling difficult: Absence of virtually any real-world data for modelling like cell coverage, number of cells typically deployed, data handling capacity etc.
Making available large size carriers at reasonable prices: We are talking about carriers sizes of 100 MHz and more. Regulators have to ensure that spectrum is made available at appropriate prices. But the big question is What is the appropriate valuation of say 100 MHz carrier size in C –Band?

14. SECURITY CHALLENGES

15. SECURITY and PRIVACY CONCERNES IN 5G
Privacy Concerns: As 5G networks will serve a large number of vertical industries, a great amount of user privacy information will be carried over the 5G network also giving rise to privacy and data protection concerns. With advancements in data mining technologies, retrieval of user privacy information has been made easier. Therefore, user privacy information must be securely protected in the 5G network so that users and vertical industries can use the network without Worrying about information leakage.
Diversity of applications and networks: different applications will have different security requirements and will need different solutions.
IT-Driven Network Architecture: With the use New IT technologies, like Software Defined Network (SDN)/Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) new security concerns are emerging. It introduces new security challenges e.g. separation between different network slices with different security levels.
Internet of things: Security is impacted through scale. The number of devices to be authenticated will be an order of magnitude larger than at present, they will need to have a long lifetime (and security may not be easily upgraded), and they may also be built in i.e. without human access (cars, meters, sensors). IoT devices may have Heterogeneous Network Access ie many choices in the way they access networks. For instance, they may connect to networks directly, or via a gateway, or in the D2D or Relay fashion
Use of mmWave bands for 5G leads to very small cells deployment within the coverage areas of cellular networks, thus requires minimum pre-planning and can boost capacity, increase coverage and improve energy and cost-efficiency for the wireless provider.
Lack of alternatives may give site owners significant bargaining power relative to network operators.
the possibility of site owners making exclusive or restrictive arrangements with network operators;
planning and other practical constraints on the supply of locations for small cells; and
the role of the public sector itself as a site owner within urban environments.
Cell densification also means increased interference and the inability of the network operator to manually configure the smaller cell to be properly detected and used by the mobile devices, or simply because of an inability to adapt to user needs.
Proper self-optimizing procedures and protocols for fast network deployment and dynamic reconfiguration of small cells must solve the problem of how to deploy, where to deploy, and how to deal with the increased number of small cell sites. Such procedures and protocols thus carry the value of economically viable technological solutions.

16. QUALITY OF SERVICE

17. Quality of Service
Assurance systems are needed to extend assurance to 5G slices and sub-slices.
Key assurance techniques such as proactive closed-loop automation, service assurance and service orchestration as well as automated root-cause analysis will require to be deployed by Telcos.

18. OTHER CONCERNS

19. IPv6 AND MASSIVE IOT
IPv6 adoption to support the massive IoT will have to be guaranteed by operator in their networks if one wants to take advantage of the full spectrum of 5G possibilities.
NET NEUTRALITY
A too restrictive approach to traffic management, and an overly strong enforcement of net neutrality could have on the 5G rollout roadmap.

20. SUBSCRIBER VERIFICATION EMF & POWER RESTRICTIONS
Subscriber verification process for IOT applications
EMF & POWER RESTRICTIONS
Update regulations on EMF, BTS RF power, regulations in view of pervasive device and coverage penetration requirements for IOT

21. THANK YOU