1. Chapter 23 – War and Revolution 1914-1919
Section 4
End of world war I

3. Peace at Last
· At 11 a.m. on November 11, 1918, Germany agreed to the armistice, ending World War I.

4. Paris Peace Conference

5. . . .
Palace of Versailles

6. The Treaty of Versailles Laying the Groundwork
Representatives from 27 countries attended the peace conference.
Reps. from Germany and Russia were excluded
The Big Four:
David Lloyd George (Britain)
Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
George Clemenceau (France)
Woodrow Wilson (USA) (Henry Cabot Lodge)
France, Italy, and Great Britain wanted to punish Germany and demanded heavy reparations. They also made a secret agreement to divide up the German colonies.
The Allies accepted Wilson’s Fourteen points as the basis for the peace negotiations

7. Oh Mr. Wilson……
“What we demand…is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression.”
- Pres. Woodrow Wilson

8. Wilson’s Plan for Peace
President Wilson’s goals for peace after World War I, known as the Fourteen Points, included the following.
· an end to secret agreements among nations
· freedom of the seas, free trade, and a limit on arms
· allow national groups self-determination – the right of each
people to have their own nation.
· formation of a League of Nations in order to protect the independence of all nations and settle international disputes

10. What Kind of Peace do we get?
Peace of Justice
What Wilson wanted
Hoped to find a way to prevent further international crises
Promoted ideals such as self-determination
Wanted to create an international body of representatives from around the world
Peace of Vengeance
Wanted to make Germany pay for their actions
France, Italy, and other nations wanted to protect themselves from any further aggression

11. Results of the Treaty of Versailles
Article 227 – German Emperor Wilhelm II is to be tried as a war criminal
Article 231 –”War Guilt Clause”
Germany is held solely accountable and responsible for the war
Reparations
Article 231: 226 billion Reichsmarks
($31.4 billion in 1920; $442 billion in 2010)
Rhineland
Would be occupied by Allied
troops for 15 yrs.

12. Results of the Treaty of Versailles
Military Restrictions
German Armed Forces will number no more than 100,000 with no conscription (draft)
German Naval Forces will be limited to 15,000 men, 6 battleships, 12 destroyers, 6 cruisers, and NO submarines
Blockades are prohibited

13. Results of the Treaty of Versailles
Alsace-Lorraine: Returned to France
Countries Created:
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Finland
Latvia
Lithuania
Ukraine
Yugoslavia

14. Results of the Treaty of Versailles
German Colonies:
Divided between Belgium, the UK, France, & Japan
Determined to never have any of these lands returned to Germany
League of Nations
Created, but becomes ineffective