1. Identifying the Need for Instruction
What is the actual problem, and will instruction or training solve the problem? 2 2

2. Objectives Describe the four steps of a Needs Assessment
Describe six categories of needs and the associated data sources.
Describe four types of performance problems and the associated solutions. 3 3

3. A Needs Assessment
A tool for identifying a problem and selecting an appropriate intervention or solution.
summarize actual and optimal situation
identify gap and need
determine performance problems and causes
recommend solutions 4 4

4. Outcomes of a Needs Assessment
Clear description of the problem, supported by data.
Appropriate solution recommendation.
Pinpoint the problem.
Confirm the causes.
Recommend solutions. 15 15

5. Sources of Information
Supervisors Administration
Employees Teachers
Management - Superintendent
School Board
Content Experts Teachers

6. Sources of Information
reports
surveys
interviews
journals
discussions
assessments
observations
questionnaires

7. Step 1 of a Needs Assessment
Summarize the actual and optimal situation.

8. Needs Assessment
current situation
(what is)
Actual 8 8

9. Needs Assessment Actual Optimal current situation (what is)
desired situation
(what should be)
Optimal 10 10

10. Step 2 of a Needs Assessment
Summarize the actual and optimal situation.
Identify the gap and need.

11. gap Needs Assessment Actual Optimal current situation (what is)
desired situation
(what should be)
Optimal 12 12

12. the need gap Needs Assessment Actual Optimal current situation
(what is)
Actual
the need
gap
desired situation
(what should be)
Optimal 13 13

13. Types of Needs Normative Need Comparative Need
Comparing the target audience against a national standard
Comparative Need
Comparing target audience against an external standard (benchmarking)

14. Types of Needs Felt Need Expressed Need
Is a desire or want that an individual has to improve either his or her performance or that of the target audience. (not acted upon)
Expressed Need
A felt need turned into action (something someone has done to express a need, i.e. enrolled in a class)

15. Types of Needs Anticipated or Future Needs Critical Incident needs
Identifying what people need to know in the future.
Critical Incident needs
Failures that are rare but have significant consequences.

16. Step 3 of a Needs Assessment
Summarize the actual and optimal situation.
Identify the gap and need.
Determine performance problems and causes.

17. Performance Problems (Cause)
Lack of skill or knowledge
Flawed environment
Few or improper incentives
Motivation 16 16

18. Performance Assessment
Fishbone Diagram
Causes
Performance Problem

19. Performance Assessment
Fishbone Diagram
Skills and Knowledge
Environment
Motivation
Incentives

20. Performance Assessment
Fishbone Diagram
Skills and Knowledge
Environment
Don’t understand
changing work environment
Very chaotic
Too loud
Resisting change
High Employee
Turnover
New Procedures are
not well defined
Current incentive system
is not working
Lack of available training classes
Motivation
Incentives

21. Step 4 of a Needs Assessment
Summarize the actual and optimal situation.
Identify the gap and need.
Determine performance problems and causes.
Determine solutions.

22. Performance Problems & Solutions
Lack of Skills / Knowledge
Training
Job Aids
Selection

23. Performance Problems & Solutions
Lack of Skills / Knowledge
Training
Job Aids
Selection
Flawed Environment
Improved tools
Improved forms
Workplace re-design
Job re-design

24. Performance Problems & Solutions
Improper Incentives
Improved policies
Better supervision
Improved incentives

25. Performance Problems & Solutions
Improper Incentives
Improved policies
Better supervision
Improved incentives
Unmotivated Employees
Training
Information
Coaching
Better supervision

26. Summary Summarize the actual and optimal situation.
Identify the gap and need.
Determine performance problems and causes.
Determine solutions.

27. ~ Your Assignment ~
Using the Needs Analysis template, write a needs analysis.
Identify the audience
Identify the general content area
Complete all steps of the needs assessment
Summarize actual and optimal situation
Identify gap or need
Determine performance problems and causes
Determine solutions

28. ~ fini ~