1. Arthrosyndesmology

2. is science of anatomy and function of joints
Arthrosyndesmology
is science of anatomy and function of joints

3. Joints
Solid
non-synovial
synarthroses
Synovial
cavitated
diarthroses

4. Transitional form of bone articulations – hemiarthrosis (symphysis)
It’s a cartilaginous
joint having
a cavity inside;
gives a little
mobility to
pubic bones
during parturition

5. Solid
joints
immobile
(for stability)
Synovial
joints
mobile
(for mobility)

7. (on the example of shoulder joint)
Synovial joints
(on the example of shoulder joint)

8. Obligatory pats
of synovial joints
Articulating surface
Articular (joint) capsule
Articular cavity

9. (on the example of shoulder joint)
Synovial joints
(on the example of shoulder joint)

10. covered by hyaline cartilage and participating in bone articulation
Articular surfaces
are the parts of bones
covered by hyaline cartilage
and participating in bone articulation
Congruent

11. Articular capsule

12. Synarthroses Fibrous joints (syndesmoses) 2.Cartilaginous joints
(synchondroses)
3.Osseus joints (synostoses)

13. Syndesmoses
Ligaments
Membranes
Sutures
Fontanelles
Gomphoses

14. Ligaments

15. Ligaments Do not regard to synovial joints Surround synovial joints
(extra-articular ligaments)
3. Located inside synovial joints
(intra-articular ligaments)

16. Ligaments Connect the bones holding them near each other
Form the openings
that transmit
vessels and nerves

17. filling wide spaces between them
Membranes
Connect bones
filling wide spaces between them

18. 1. Interosseous membranes

19. Membranes
2. Obturator membrane

20. 3. Atlantooccipital membranes
Tectorial membrane
Posterior
atlantooccipital
membrane
Anterior
atlantooccipital
membrane

21. Connect the skull bones
Sutures
Connect the skull bones
Plan sutures
Serrate sutures
Squamous suture

22. Fontanelles
Connect the skull bones in newborns and children during first year of life

23. Connect teeth to surrounding osseous tissue in jaw alveoli
Gomphosys
Connect teeth to surrounding osseous tissue in jaw alveoli
Dental root
Periodontium
Jaw bone

24. Synchondroses
Temporary
Permanent

25. Synchondroses
Temporary

26. Synchondroses
2. Permanent

27. Synchondroses
Hyaline
Fibrous

28. Synchondroses
Hyaline

29. Synchondroses
2. Fibrous

30. Synostoses

31. Synovial joints (diarthroses)
Classification based on the number of articulating surfaces
Simple joints 3. Complex joints
Compound Combined joints
joints

32. Simple joints

33. Compound joints

34. Complex joints

35. Combined joints

36. Synovial joints (diarthroses)
Classification based on the shape of articulating surfaces
and number of axes of movements
Uni-axial joints
Bi-axial joints
Multi-axial joints

37. Types of movements Flexion-extension (around frontal axis)
2.Abduction-adduction
(around sagittal axis)
3.Rotation (pronation-supination)
(around vertical axis)
4. Circumduction

38. Uni-axial joints
Trochoid (pivot) joints
Hinge joints

39. Uni-axial joints
Trochoid (pivot) joints

40. Uni-axial joints
Hinge joints

41. Bi-axial joints
Ellipsoidal joints
Saddle joints
Condyloid joints

42. Bi-axial joints
Ellipsoidal joints

43. Bi-axial joints
Condyloid joints

44. Bi-axial joints
Saddle joints

45. Multi-axial joints
Ball-and-socket
joints
2. Plane joints

46. Ball-and-socket joints
Multi-axial joints
Ball-and-socket joints

47. Multi-axial joints
Plane joints

49. Accessory structures in the synovial joints
1. Intra-articular ligaments
2. Intra-articular cartilages
3. Articular labrum
4. Synovial folds
5. Sesamoid bones
6. Synovial bursae

50. Intra-articular ligaments

51. Intra-articular cartilages
Menisci

52. Intra-articular cartilages
Discs

53. Articular labrum

54. Synovial folds

55. Sesamoid bones

56. Synovial bursae

58. Factors effecting the range of movements at synovial joints
Difference in square
of articulating surfaces
2. Combination of joints
3. Thickness of articular capsule
4. Extra-articular ligaments
5. Muscles surrounding joint
6. Presence of accessory structures

59. Plan of description of synovial joints
1.The names of articulating surfaces
2.The characteristic of the joint according to the Classifications of Synovial Joints:
-based on the numbers of the articular surfaces (simple, compound, complex, combined):
-based on the number of the axes of movements (uni-axial, bi-axial or multi-axial) and shape of articulating surfaces:
3.Accessory joint structures
4.The movements at the joint
5.The ligaments reinforcing the joint