1. Piping and Instrumentation for Process Industries

2. Module II P&ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

3. P&ID A tool for detailed engineering and commissioning
A P&ID IS:
A tool for detailed engineering and commissioning
A Schematic of a Process Plant
A Communication Tool
A Basis for Detailed Design
A Guide for Construction
A Guide for Operation And Maintenance
A Graphical Table of Contents to Other Engineering Documents

4. Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
P&ID shows all of piping including the physical sequence of branches, reducers, valves, equipment, instrumentation and control interlocks.
P&ID Symbols

5. P&ID A P&ID should include: Instrumentation and designations
Mechanical equipment with names and numbers
All valves and their identifications
Process piping, sizes and identification
Miscellaneous - vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers, and increasers.
Permanent start-up and flush lines
Flow directions
Interconnections references

6. P&ID A P&ID should include: Contd…
Control inputs and outputs, interlocks
Interfaces for class changes
Seismic category
Quality level
Annunciation inputs
Computer control system input
Vendor and contractor interfaces
Identification of components and subsystems delivered by others
Intended physical sequence of the equipment

7. P&ID A P&ID should not include: Instrument root valves control relays
manual switches
equipment rating or capacity
primary instrument tubing and valves
pressure temperature and flow data
elbow, tees and similar standard fittings
extensive explanatory notes

8. Sample P&ID

9. P&ID P & ID Process Utility Off sites Distribution Auxiliary
Interconnectiing
Packaged Unit

10. Notes Symbols P & IDs Others
System
Process Flow Diagram
Add
Add
P & IDs
Size, Service, Line Number, Pipe Materials Specification, Tracing Type required.
Sub – System
and
Associated System
Demarcations
By EPC/Vendor
Others

11. How do we Prepare them…..? Title Box P & ID Numbering
Equipment Arrangement
Equipment Details
Equipment Numbering
Equipment Data
Line Numbering
Termination of Line

12. Line Number
There are two basic areas - These are the line number method and the line number elements.
* Methods - There are two basic line numbering methods. The first method is based on the “Purpose or Function” of the line. The second method is based on the line “Size.” * Elements - The elements that are most commonly included in a line numbering scheme are: Plant Location, Line Identity, Line Class (or Line Specification), Size, Insulation Type (when required) and Heat Tracing Type (when required).

13. Line Number – Methods….
Methods – “Purpose or Function” of the line based on the line “Size.” An example of this might be a pump suction line. It might come from a Storage Tank. It travels some distance and then splits and connects to the two pumps designated for that one service or function. This is one line, it serves one purpose or function therefore it has only one line number.
Another example would be the pump discharge that leaves both of these pumps and join to form the single pipe line that runs to the next piece of equipment. This line also has one purpose or function therefore it has only one number.

14. Line Number – Methods….
Methods – “Purpose or Function” of the line based on the line “Size.”
The “line size” method is, where the line number changes whenever and wherever the line size changes.
When compared to the first (purpose or function) method, the pump suction line might have five line numbers instead of one.
The pump discharge might also have five or more depending on what happens at the destination end of the line.

15. Line Number – Elements….
The elements of a line number – Example
CA1A-12”- IH -ST
Where:
10 = the plant Unit or Area (mandatory)
1021 = the numeric line number (mandatory)
CA1A = the line class (mandatory)
12” = the line size (mandatory)
IH = Hot Insulation (only when required) (1)
ST = Steam Tracing (only when required) (2)

16. Line Number – Elements….
In this case the “10” refers to a physical plant area as defined by the project work breakdown structure document. Other Areas might be 20, 30, 40 or 11, 12, 13, etc.
The “1021” represents the twenty-first line in this area. All line numbers on this project will be four place numbers starting with 1000 in each area.
The “CA1A” represents the project piping material line class code for: 300# (C), Carbon Steel (A), 1/32” corrosion allowance (1) and a specific gasket type/material (A).

17. Line Number
In addition to the line identification elements the Line List should also include some important information
The phase (liquid or gas)
The origin & destination of the line
The line pressure, both the normal operating pressure and the maximum operation (or Design) pressure
The line temperature, both the normal operating temperature and the maximum operation (or Design) temperature
An indicator code for Stress Analysis requirements
The insulation thickness (optional)
The line schedule (optional)
Application : Calculation of Labour Hour Estimation

18. Line Identification Line Service Designation Line Numeric Pipe Size
Global Pipe Spec
Line Tracing
Critical Line Descriptor
Line Insulation

19. Line Continuation
Line continuations between different drawings are shown below: