1. Bacteria

2. Prokaryotes Single-celled organisms Live in nearly every environment
Do not have a membrane-bound nucleus
Live in nearly every environment
Major source of food
Help many organisms
Digesting food
Decomposers

3. Archaea Methanogens Halophiles “salt-loving” Thermoacidophiles
Convert Hydrogen gas & carbon dioxide into methane gas
Live in anaerobic environments
Deep fresh water, marine & swamp mud, sewage
Intestinal tracts
Halophiles “salt-loving”
Great Salt Lake & the Dead Sea
Thermoacidophiles
Very acidic & very high temperatures
Yellowstone National Park

4. Methanogens

5. Halophiles
Thermoacidophiles

6. Phylum Groups Proteobacteria Gram-Positive Bacteria Live symbiotically
Convert nitrogen in the atmosphere for plants to use
Diseases
Agrobacterium plant tumors
Rickettsiae causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Helicobacter pylori cause stomach ulcers
Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) & Salmonella – food poisoning
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Streptococcal species – causes strep throat
Clostridium botulinum – causes botulism
Lactobacilli turns milk sour and makes yogurt
Bacillus anthracis – anthrax
Actinomycetes – make antibiotics

7. Proteobacteria
Gram-positive bacteria

8. Phylum Groups Cyanobacteria Spirochetes Chlamydia
Use photosynthesis to make carbohydrates
Spirochetes
Treponema pallidum – causes syphilis
Borrelia burgdorferi – causes Lyme disease
Chlamydia
Live only in animal cells
Chlamydia trachomatis – causes Chlamydia

9. Cyanobacteria
Chlamydia
Spirochetes

10. Eubacteria Shapes & Sizes Bacilli – rod-shaped Cocci – sphere-shaped
Spirilla – spiral-shaped
Strepto – chainlike
Staphylo - grapelike

12. Structure & Function of Prokaryotes
Cell Wall
Gives its shape & protection
Cell membrane
Controls what goes in & out of the cell
Cytoplasm
Contains DNA and other molecules needed for life
DNA
Genetic information

13. Structure & Function of Prokaryotes
Capsule
Protects the cell; able to attach to other cells & surfaces
Pili
Help attach to surfaces
Endospores
Thick-coated, resistant structure; contains DNA
Flagella
Allow prokaryotes to move

15. Nutrition & Metabolism
Heterotrophs
Photoheterotroph
Uses light energy & gets carbon from other organisms
Chemoheterotroph
Autotroph
Photoautotroph
Chemoautotroph

16. Reproduction
Binary Fission
Asexual reproduction

17. Common Bacteria Problems
Food poisoning:
If food is not stored at the proper temperature then the bacteria multiplies very rapidly.
If this food is eaten it can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or in serious cases, death.
can also be caused by eating food that is not cooked properly, like chicken or eggs.
When food is cooked, harmful bacteria is killed (bacteria is not the only cause of food poisoning).
E. Coli, Salmonella are more well known bacteria in food.
Prevention: Cook food thoroughly, especially meats. Refrigerate foods..

18. Common Bacteria Problems
Bacterial Infections:
includes strep throat, ear infections, pneumonia, and bronchitis.
These are different from viruses.
If treated properly, they are not life threatening, but if not treated can spread to other organs in the body.
Solution: Antibiotics

19. Common Bacteria Problems
Acne: caused in part by infection of bacteria in pores.
Prevention: do not touch face and spread bacteria to face; wash face

20. Common Bacteria Problems
Cavities: caused by bacteria that eat sugar and convert it into acid plaque eats at tooth enamel.
Solution: brushing teeth
and flossing

21. Common Bacteria Problems
Body Odor: when we sweat, bacteria begins to multiply rapidly n the warm, moist skin. The bacteria quickly multiply, then dies, releasing an odor as they decompose or rot.
Prevention: washing daily and wearing deodorant.