1. 10. Stings, bites, ticks & Weil’s disease
What causes stings and bites?
How do you treat these?
How do you remove a tick?
What is Lyme disease?
What are the dangers of drinking ‘dirty’ water?
What might you monitor about a casualty if you are with them for a long time?
What would you put in a first aid kit?

2. Stings! From bees and wasps SYMPTOMS Pain Redness Stinging sensation
WHAT TO DO
Reassure the casualty and scrape off the sting if necessary
Raise the bitten or stung part, if possible
Apply an icepack or cold water
If the pain or swelling continues seek medical help.
If they are having an allergic reaction –
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3. BITES ! What can bite you? Dogs, cats Snakes Ticks (later)
What is the problem?
Passing bacteria deep into the tissues
Damage to tissues
Treatment?
Clean the wound as best as you can and seek medical help
What are the risks?
Tetanus infection (vaccination required)
Rabies (vaccination required)
Hepatitis
HIV
(tetanus 0-1:30)
(rabies 0-1:30)

4. Ticks & Lyme Disease
You can also use a tick removal tool if you have one (we have them in DofE first aid kits)
Ticks carry a bacteria that cause Lyme disease. Symptoms are flu-like and include aching muscles, pain and tiredness. A ‘bullseye’ rash sometimes appears 3-30 days later. Untreated it can cause nerve and heart disease so can be fatal! It can be treated with antibiotics but the earlier the better!

5. Ticks can also transmit a virus from small mammals to humans causing encephalitis
No symptoms for up to 10 days
Fever, headache, nausea, photophobia (sensitivity to light)
This can lead to death.

6. Weil’s disease
Urine from infected cats, dogs and rats containing bacteria can enter water supplies easily.
Bacteria can enter the body through cuts or through your mouth.
Flu-like symptoms occur after 2-12 days, including pain in the back or calf muscles, sometimes followed by jaundice – Weil’s disease is very serious but can be treated with antibiotics.

7. Casualty Monitoring & Assessment
Remember when we looked at the primary survey (AAABCD) and have mostly looked at unresponsive casualties?
We also talked about what to ask a conscious casualty. What do you remember about the questions we could ask? S
Signs and symptoms
Can I take a record?
How are you feeling?
Can I have a look? A
Allergies and age
Is this the first time this has occurred? M
Medication
Have you recently taken any medication? P
Past history
When did you last visit the doctor or hospital? L
Last meal
What have you eaten recently? E
Events
What happened?
What happened?
How are you feeling?
Can I take a look?
Can I take a record of what I find? (this might be important for when medical help arrives, especially if it will be a long time until help arrives)

8. A possible casualty monitoring card
Time (24 hour clock)
17:50
18:10
18:20
18:40
Pulse (rate and character)
Breathing (rate and character)
Temperature
Colour
Consciousness
Beats per minute (adult norm 60-90, child 80-90)
Fast/slow
Strong/weak
Breaths per minute (adult norm 12-18, child 20-30)
Fast/slow
Shallow/deep
Cold & dry
Cold & wet
Hot & dry
Hot & wet
Pale, Red, Yellow
Alert
Vocal
Pain
Unresponsive

9. First Aid Kits Can you get 20 things ?
Make a list of what should be in a full first aid kit!
Can you get 20 things ?
Container
Gloves
Wound dressings
Bandages
Scissors
Saline pods
Antiseptic wipes
Plasters
Steri-strips
Triangular bandages
Safety pins
Tick remover
Tweezers
Casualty monitoring card
Pencil
Micropore tape
Painkillers
Glucose tablets