1. What kind of illnesses can be related to poverty and social exclusion?
Lesson Starter
What kind of illnesses can be related to poverty and social exclusion?
Why would some areas of the country suffer from poorer health than others?

2. What will I learn?
To identify the geographical inequalities that exist with regard to health inequalities. 2

3. Success Criteria
List and explain 3 reasons for geographical inequalities.
Outline the findings of the Caci Report.
List facts and figures which demonstrate the health inequalities that exist in the UK.
Watch a DVD and select important points that help illustrate what has been learned in this section.

4. What are Health Inequalities?
There is a great deal of evidence to show that some groups of people are more likely to enjoy better health and have longer life expectancy than others i.e. everyone’s health is not equal. Five ways in which health inequalities can be demonstrated (life expectancy or mortality/morbidity) are by:
1. Geographic location within Scotland, the UK and also within Dundee/Tayside.
2. Social class i.e. between wealthiest and poorest.
3. Gender between males and females.
4. Ethnicity between different ethnic groups.
5. Lifestyle Choices that people make.

5. Geographical Location
Copy the diagram below
Gender
Lifestyle
choices
Geographical Location
Health Inequalities
Ethnic origin
Economic Status

6. Explaining Geographic Health Inequalities
There is a wealth of evidence to demonstrate that the people living in the wealthiest areas of the country enjoy better health, lower death rates and longer life expectancy than those living in the poorest areas.

7. Geographical Inequalities

8. Geographical Inequalities
Linked very closely to social class:
Poverty greatest in west of Scotland, Wales, northern England, Northern Ireland and in large inner cities (London, Birmingham, Manchester, etc.).
All areas of high unemployment and social deprivation.
These areas have less professional/managerial jobs. Former manufacturing areas.

9. Geographical Inequalities – Caci Report
The CACI Report (2006) - made all the headlines. Took a variety of statistics and confirmed the shockingly unhealthy lifestyles of a significant number of Scots.
The report found that Scots are more likely to suffer long-term illness, take less exercise, be more overweight and spend more on cigarettes and alcohol rather than other Britons.

10. Geographical Inequalities – Caci Report
Highlights the link between urban deprivation and ill health.
Significantly, all of the worst areas are in run down housing estates either on the periphery of a city or in the inner city.
Herald newspaper summed the findings of the report - ‘Scotland the sick man of the UK” with 22 of the top 25 illness areas.
Emphasised the geographical divide with poverty being the main cause.

11. Geographical Inequalities
On the next few slides there is data showing evidence of health inequalities.
Task:
Make notes from the next few slides on the differences in life expectancy.
Once you have done this try to some up, in a few sentences, what the evidence shows you.

12. Evidence of Health Inequalities – Geographic location: Life Expectancy in the UK Regions and by Gender

13. Evidence of Health Inequalities – Geographic location: Comparison of Life Expectancy in Glasgow and East Dunbartonshire (2016)
Difference of 6.7 years
Difference of 4.6 years

14. In 2016, male life expectancy at birth in Scotland was virtually unchanged from 2013, remaining at 77.1 years. Female life expectancy at birth in Scotland 2016 also remained virtually unchanged at 81.2 years.
The gap in life expectancy at birth between Scotland and the UK has grown consistently since the 1980s. Possible causes for this may be higher levels of heart disease, a greater smoking prevalence and increased levels of alcohol and drug-related deaths in Scotland compared with the other constituent countries of the UK.

16. Life Expectancy in the UK
Poverty and Health

17. Paired Reading Task
Your teacher will give you a news article from the BBC on why Glasgow is the UK’s sickest city.
Working with a partner (call yourselves A and B), split the article into equal sections (sections A and B).
You must read your part of the article and then teach your partner the bit that you have read and vice versa.
At the end, make a summary of what you have learned. You can use the article to help you.
This news article will be in with the PowerPoints in the folder. Please feel free to use this or not – its just a wee extra. Tell pupils to split the article into 4 or 6 equal length parts. The web address is

18. What will I learn?
To outline the meaning of the ‘Glasgow effect’. 18

19. Success Criteria
Identify and discuss stereotypes that exist in Glasgow.
List statistics that highlight Glasgow’s special health problems.
Explain why it is important not to stereotype all people who live in Glasgow.
Identify and explain three reasons for ‘The Glasgow Effect’.
Outline the meaning of ‘biology of poverty’.

20. Task Copy this onto a graffiti board
Individually, write down why you think depending on where you live affects your health.
As a group, decide on your top 5 and be prepared to share them with the class. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Graffiti Boards can be drawn onto white show me boards, flip chart paper on A4 paper – whatever you have the use of.

21. low emotional self-esteem
The Glasgow Effect
The Tears That Made the Clyde is an academic study of health inequalities.
Builds on the work done by Sir Harry Burns, Chief Medical expert for Scotland.
A clear consensus has emerged.
Glasgow's citizens suffer more from:
poor diet
smoking
alcohol abuse
drug abuse
low emotional self-esteem
‘The Glasgow Effect’ hand-out is from Modernity Scotland (John McTaggart). I have put it onto a word document and it is in the folder. This should be printed out (where possible) and given to the pupils to complete this task.

22. Questions
Using your hand out ‘The Glasgow Effect’ provide six pieces of evidence that suggests that Glasgow has special health problems.
In pairs, decide which pieces of evidence surprise you the most and discuss why.

23. Glasgow, the second city of the empire
Why is it important not to stereotype people who live in Glasgow?

24. Glasgow

25. Drumchapel
It is misleading to stereotype people from Glasgow council estates, such as Drumchapel, as being poor, workshy and drug addicted.
In recent years, Drumchapel has been transformed: there are many attractive houses, a brand new secondary school and professional families from immigrant backgrounds bringing a new vibrancy to the community which has been badly misrepresented.

26. Lesson Starter What is the Glasgow Effect?
Outline the reasons for all the bad statistics:
Long term unemployment
Poor Housing
Political attitudes

27. The Biology of Poverty
Burns believes that the ‘chaotic circumstances’ many young people grow up in impacts on their health throughout their life.
Many middle class people have unhealthy lifestyles too.
What kills the poor is the harmful messages children receive relating to parenting, employment and housing.
Healthy lifestyle message can only do so much.

28. Three Cities Report
It is clear that poverty is a major factor in explaining health inequalities. However, this cannot explain why the health of Scots in areas of deprivation is worse than their counterparts in England.
Three Cities Report- 2010
Research examined the health and death rates of the citizens of Glasgow, Manchester and Liverpool between 2003 and These cities have broadly the same deprivation figures.
Blame Glasgow effect for city’s chronic ill health- not deprivation clearly indicated that lifestyle not poverty was to blame. 28

29. Three Cities Report
Glasgow’s cancer and heart disease rates are well above that of Liverpool and Manchester.
It is clear that income and poverty are major factors in explaining health inequalities. However it cannot explain why the health of Scots in areas of deprivation is worse than similar areas in England.
Lifestyle is also an important factor. 29

30. Quick Questions
List statistics that highlight Glasgow’s special health problems.
Explain why it is important not to stereotype all people who live in Glasgow.
Identify and explain three reasons for ‘The Glasgow Effect’
Outline the meaning of ‘biology of poverty’ 1.

31. Watch
Watch the Wealth and Health Inequalities DVD from Modernity Scotland.
As you watch it, take notes.
I am aware that you may not have this DVD – if you don't – ignore this.

32. Want to know more?
If you want to know more about this section, go online and access the article on Health inequalities on Modernity Scotland.

33. I can… List and explain 3 reasons for geographical inequalities.
Outline the findings of the Caci Report
List facts and figures which demonstrate the health inequalities that exist in the UK.
Watch a DVD and select important points that help illustrate what has been learned in this section.