1. Upper-Intermediate Lesson16
Describing trends
Upper-Intermediate Lesson16

5. Today we are going to learn:
How to describe trends
Verbs and adverbs
Adjectives and nouns
Prepositions
Numerals
Tenses

6. News
Shares in food processing giant have slipped after it made losses of $ 0.5m last year.
Customer numbers climbed up 350,000 to almost half a million last month.
After the launch of a new product range the company’s profit surged 69% in The profit almost doubled in the last quarter.

7. News The company sank deep in the red during the financial slump.
The Japanese car manufacturer has seen profits leap due to worldwide demand for cars.
American retail chain is in crisis after its shares plummeted on Friday.

8. Verbs Go up Surge Rise Double Increase Triple Climb
Increase three-fold
Gain
Improve
Leap
Pick up
Jump
Recover
Soar
Reach the peak
Rocket

9. Verbs To go down To slip To fall To plummet To decrease To halve
To drop
To bottom out
To decline
To hit a low
To deteriorate

10. Horizontal movement To level off To even out To stabilize
To remain stable
To fluctuate

11. Adverbs: size of change
Slightly
Noticeably
Substantially
Considerably
Significantly
Dramatically

12. Adverbs: Speed and mode of Change
Slowly
Gradually
Steadily
Suddenly
Rapidly
Quickly
Sharply

13. Conversion To decline quickly A quick decline To double slowly
A slow doubling
To decrease substantially
A substantial decrease
To gain suddenly
A sudden gain
To fall significantly
A significant fall
To fluctuate steadily
A steady fluctuation

14. Conversion to drop slightly A slight drop to improve rapidly
A rapid improvement
to increase noticeably
A noticeable increase
A gradual levelling off
to level off gradually
A sharp peak
to peak sharply
A dramatic jump
to jump dramatically

15. Prepositions Sales rose to $2.5 million Sales rose by $2.5 million
Sales have gone down from €5 billion to €4.7 billion.
There has been a decrease in annual sales of €1.3 billion.
Last year sales stood at £3.6 million.

16. Numerals $4.99 Four dollars ninety-nine €6.70 six euros seventy
£340 three hundred pounds and forty
¥235 two hundred and thirty-five yen (yuan) – same symbol
₴550 five hundred and fifty hryvnias

17. Decimals 17.3 seventeen point three 15.68 fifteen point six eight
0.375
nought point three seven five ?

18. Big numbers
379, 245, 680
Three hundred and seventy-nine million, two hundred and forty-five thousand, six hundred and eighty

19. Tenses Oil prices are rising. Changing or developing situations.
Last year we raised our prices.
A complete action or event which happened at a stated time in the past.
We have risen our profits this year.
Actions which happened within a specific period which is not over.

20. Can you describe the trends regarding…
your area of work or study
average income
health and life expectancy
climate
employment
political freedom
equality

21. Today we have learned: How to describe trends Verbs and adverbs
Adjectives and nouns
Prepositions
Numerals
Tenses