1. The Civil War Summary

2. Long-Term Causes Conflict over slavery in territories
Economic differences between North and South
Conflict between states’ rights and federal control

3. Immediate Causes Election of Lincoln Secession of southern states
Firing on Ft. Sumter

4. Immediate Effects Abolition of slavery
Widening gap between economies of North & South
Physical devastation of the South
Reunification of the country

5. Long-Term Effects Reconstruction of the South Industrial boom
Increased federal authority

6. Lincoln’s Legacy
Poet Walt Whitman made the following observation about Lincoln:
“He leaves for America’s history and biography, so far, not only its most dramatic reminiscence-he leaves, in my opinion, the greatest … personality…By many has this Union been …
helped; but if one man, must be picked out, he, most of all, is the conservator of it, to the future. He was assassinated-but the Union is not assassinated.” – Walt Whitman, Specimen Days
Do you agree or disagree about Lincoln’s legacy? Explain why.

7. Reconstruction and Its Effects
Foundations
Presidents Lincoln and Johnson propose lenient policies toward the former Confederate states.
Radical Republicans gain control of Congress and pass the Reconstruction Act of 1867.
Conflict over approach leads Congress to Impeach Johnson.

8. Reconstruction Progress
States ratify the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.
Republicans control most state governments in the South.
States start public works programs and public schools.
Former slaves reunite families, work for wages, and build African-American culture.

9. Reconstruction Collapse
War debt and low demand for cotton slow the South’s recovery.
African Americans are terrorized by racist violence.
Supreme Court decisions undermine 14th & 15th Amendments.
Republican Party is weakened by internal conflict, scandal, and financial panic.
Republicans withdraw troops from the South to gain Hayes the presidency in 1876.
Democrats control governments, weaken civil rights, and eliminate public schools and programs.

10. Historical Perspective
What might Americans today learn from the civil rights experiences of African Americans during Reconstruction?