1. Environment: The Science behind the Stories
Lecture Outlines
Chapter 1
Environment: The Science behind the Stories
4th Edition
Withgott/Brennan

2. Notes HW Write each slide number & title on the left side of the paper
Summarize provided information on the right side of the paper.
If there are slides with Objectives or “this lecture will help you understand” you do NOT need to write these.
Define any words or answer any questions or fill in the blanks when something appears in red.
Sometimes it is a question linked to a website you should view
Sometime there are comments written in purple. You do not need to write these. They are just my personal commentary 
Be prepared to discuss 8 questions at the end.

3. 1. Our island: Earth Earth may seem enormous
But it and its systems are finite and limited
We can change the Earth and damage its systems
Environment?

4. 2. Humans are part of nature
Humans depend on a healthy, functioning planet
We depend completely on the environment for survival
Increased health, longer lives, wealth, mobility, leisure
But natural systems have been degraded by pollution, soil erosion, species extinction, etc.
Environmental changes threaten long-term health and survival

5. 3. Environmental science
Global conditions are rapidly changing
We are also rapidly gaining knowledge
The opportunity to solve problems is still available

6. 4. We rely on natural resources
Renewable natural resources? List 5 examples
Nonrenewable natural resources? List 5 examples

7. 5. We rely on ecosystem services
Ecosystem services? List 10 examples
We degrade ecosystem services
By depleting resources, destroying habitat, generating pollution
Increased human affluence has intensified degradation

8. 6. Human population growth amplifies impacts
There are over 7 billion humans
Agricultural revolution
Crops, livestock
Stable food supplies
Industrial revolution
Urbanized society powered by fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal)
Sanitation and medicines
Pesticides and fertilizers

9. 7. Resource consumption exerts pressures
Exploitation and consumption of resources is also a problem
Explain tragedy of the commons and give 3 examples?

10. 8. Our “ecological footprint”
Affluence?
Ecological footprint?
Do developing or developed countries have a larger ecological footprint?
Overshoot?
If everyone consumed the amount of resources the U.S. does, we would need 4.5 Earths!

11. 9. Environmental science is not environmentalism
Explain the difference between Environmental science and Environmentalism?

12. 10. The nature of science Science?
Civilization depends on science and technology
Science is essential to sort fact from fiction
Develop solutions to the problems we face
It must be accessible and understandable to the public

13. 11. The scientific method List the steps of the scientific method?
Hypothesis?
Null hypothesis?
What’s our excuse?

14. 12. Experiments test the validity of a hypothesis
Variable?
Independent variable?
Dependent variable?
Extraneous variable?
Controlled experiment?
Control?
Explain the difference between Quantitative data and Qualitative data?

15. 13. Theories and paradigm shifts
Theory?
3 Examples
Paradigm shift?
2 examples
Which came first the chicken or the egg?

16. The egg since reptiles hatched from eggs before chickens evolved 

17. 14. Sustainability and the future of our world
Natural capital?

18. 15. We face challenges in biodiversity
Sustainable development?

19. 16. Will we develop in a sustainable way?
Explain the triple bottom line?

20. 17. Conclusion
Environmental science helps us understand our relationship with the environment
Identifying a problem is the first step in solving it
Solving environmental problems can move us towards health, longevity, peace and prosperity

21. CH1-A
In your own words define tragedy of the commons and give 3 examples
In your own words define paradigm shift and give 3 examples
What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources? Give 3 examples of each.
How do you distinguish between independent, dependent, extraneous, and controlled variables?

22. CH 1-B In your own words define ecological footprint.
In your own words define biodiversity and explain why it is important.
Give 3 examples of the importance of biodiversity.
What is meant by triple bottom line?

23. QUESTION: Review
Which of the following is correct about the term “environmentalism”?
It is very science-oriented.
It is a social movement to protect the environment.
It usually does not include advocacy for the environment.
It involves scientists trying to solve environmental problems.

24. QUESTION: Review
Which of the following is correct about the term “environmentalism”?
It is very science-oriented.
It is a social movement to protect the environment.
It usually does not include advocacy for the environment.
It involves scientists trying to solve environmental problems. 24

25. QUESTION: Review
Adding various amounts of fertilizer to plants in a laboratory is a _____ type of experiment.
Correlative
Natural
Manipulative
Rare

26. QUESTION: Review
Adding various amounts of fertilizer to plants in a laboratory is a _____ type of experiment.
Correlative
Natural
Manipulative
Rare 26

27. QUESTION: Review What is the definition of “sustainable development”?
Using resources to benefit future generations, even if it means lower availability now.
Letting future generations figure out their own problems.
Using resources to satisfy current needs without compromising future availability.
Letting each country decide how to use their resources to best meet their unique, immediate needs.

28. QUESTION: Review What is the definition of “sustainable development”?
Using resources to benefit future generations, even if it means lower availability now.
Letting future generations figure out their own problems.
Using resources to satisfy current needs without compromising future availability.
Letting each country decide how to use their resources to best meet their unique, immediate needs. 28

29. QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and Data
According to this graph, what has happened to the population over the last 500 years?
a) It has grown exponentially.
b) It has grown linearly.
c) It has decreased.
d) It has stopped growing.

30. QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and Data
According to this graph, what has happened to the population over the last 500 years?
a) It has grown exponentially.
b) It has grown linearly.
c) It has decreased.
d) It has stopped growing. 30

31. QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and Data
What happens if test results reject a hypothesis?
The scientist formulates a new hypothesis.
It shows the test failed.
The hypothesis was supported.
The predictions may not have reflected the hypothesis.

32. QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and Data
What happens if test results reject a hypothesis?
The scientist formulates a new hypothesis.
It shows the test failed.
The hypothesis was supported.
The predictions may not have reflected the hypothesis. 32

33. What is globalization?
The ability to travel worldwide
A new term for mass immigration
Worldwide integration of social, economic, and environmental change
A satellite communications system
The destruction of inhabited areas

34. What is globalization?
The ability to travel worldwide
A new term for mass immigration
Worldwide integration of social, economic, and environmental change
A satellite communications system
The destruction of inhabited areas

35. Natural capital includes all of the following except
Sunlight
Air
Water
Soil
Nutrients

36. Natural capital includes all of the following except
Sunlight
Air
Water
Soil
Nutrients