1. 4 3 2 1

4. is used to talk about an action which happened before another action in
past

5. before the party started.
Mum had baked
a cake
before the party started.
The party started.
Mum baked a cake.
now

6. is used to talk about an action which happened before a stated time in
the
past

7. Lenny had done his homework .
by seven o’clock.
7 o’clock
Lenny had done his homework .
now
5 o’clock

8. had + past participle
regular
irregular
verb + ed
3rd column

10. 4 3 2 1

11. When I had taken an aspirin, I felt better.
Decide which action in the past took place 1st and which took place 2nd.
I felt better.
2nd
when
I took an aspirin.
1st
When I had taken an aspirin, I felt better.

12. Before we locked the door, we had called a taxi.
Decide which action in the past took place 1st and which took place 2nd.
We called a taxi.
1st
before
We locked the door.
2nd
Before we locked the door, we had called a taxi.

13. As soon as it had stopped raining, we took our dog for a walk.
Decide which action in the past took place 1st and which took place 2nd.
It stopped raining.
1st
as soon as
We took our dog
for a walk.
2nd
As soon as it had stopped raining, we took our dog for a walk.

14. By the time we reached the railway station, the train had
Decide which action in the past took place 1st and which took place 2nd.
We reached the railway station.
by the
time
2nd
The train left.
1st
By the time we reached the railway station, the train had
left.

15. After he had seen an accident, he spoke to a policeman.
Decide which action in the past took place 1st and which took place 2nd.
He spoke to a policeman.
after
2nd
He saw an accident.
1st
After he had seen an accident, he spoke to a policeman.

16. Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect Simple.
1)  (the film/start) when I arrived at the cinema .
2) She  (live) in China before she went to Thailand.
3) After they  (eat) the shellfish, they began to feel sick.
4) They  (not/eat) so we went to a restaurant.
5) We couldn't go into the concert because we  (not/bring) our tickets.
6) If you  (listen) to me, you would have got the job.
7) The grass was yellow because it  (not/rain) all summer.
8) Julie didn't arrive until after I  (leave).
9) We were late for the plane because we  (forget) our passports.
10) Julie and Anne  (not/meet) before the party.
11) When we  (finish) dinner, we went out.
12) The lights went off because we  (not/pay) the electricity bill.
13) The children  (not/do) their homework, so they were in trouble.
14) The garden was dead because it  (be) dry all summer.
15) He  (not/use) before, so I showed him how to use it.
16) He  (meet) her somewhere before.
17) She told me she  (study) a lot before the exam.
18) I  (not/have) breakfast when he arrived.
19) You  (not/study) for the test, so you were very nervous.
20) She said that she  (not/visit) the UK before.

17. Complete the sentences with thePast Simple orPresent Perfect Simple.
1) When Dad’s birthday (come), Nora (already/ make) a present for him.
2) Yesterday by 7 o’clock Luke (bake) a delicious cake.
3) I (finish) reading the book by the end of the week.
4) Lola and Molly (do) the dishes, when their friends (drop) in.
5) Why didn’t you want to go to the cinema? – I (already/ see) the film.
6) Edward (have) a snack before he (go) home.
7) Mila (feel) better after she (take) some medicines.
8) I (look) out of the window and (find out) that somebody
(steal) my bike.
9) You (cannot) speak to the boss, because he (just/go) away.
10) The hotel room was quite dirty. The cleaner (not clean) it for a long time.
11) She (show) me the dress, she (buy) the day before yesterday.
12) Before he (go) into the shop, somebody (call) him by his name.
13) By the time he (be) 65, he (write) many good books.
14) The teacher (understand) that Mira (not learn) the
poem by heart.
15) His watch (stop) because he (not wind) them.
16) Vivian (be) afraid to fly, because she (never/ fly) before.
17) When I (phone) Martha, she (already/ know) the news.
18) When Greg (find) his ticket in the end, the train (leave).
19) I (miss) the bus because I (meet) my old friend.