2. By 1776, American colonists were divided into 3 groups
Loyalists wanted to remain British colonies
Neutrals were undecided about which side to choose
Patriots supported separation from Britain (independence)

3. Quick Review: How did we get to this point?

4. By 1750, the American colonists were loyal British citizens with autonomous, self-governing colonial assemblies and a thriving trade connection with England
Second Continental Congress (1775)
Proclamation of 1763
Lexington and Concord (1775)
The policy of salutary neglect ended as Britain imposed greater political authority over the colonies, raised new taxes to pay off war debts, and refused to allow colonists representation in Parliament
First Continental Congress (1774)
Sons of Liberty formed
Intolerable Acts (1774)
Townshend Acts (1767)
Paine’s Common Sense (1776)
Boston Tea Party (1773)
Turning Point! England defeated France in the French and Indian War ( )
Stamp Act (1765)
Boston Massacre (1770)
Declaration of Independence (1776)
Revolutionary War ( )
1750
1755
1760
1765
1770
1775
1780
1785

5. The American Revolution was inspired by the Enlightenment
John Locke—all men are born with natural rights & citizens can revolt from tyrannical gov’ts
Montesquieu—separation of powers; checks & balances
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urged colonial independence
Rousseau believed that citizens have a social contract with their gov’t

6. By July 1776, how had colonial attitudes towards Great Britain changed?

7. “The Colonial Response: Events Leading to the American Revolution”

8. 17th century – mid 18th century
SALUTARY NEGLECT
Britain didn’t pay close attention to the colonies.
Colonies governed themselves.

9. 17th and 18th centuries
Great Britain followed a policy of MERCANTILISM
The theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys
Fine as long as they were making money and allowed to handle their own affairs. (Run government, etc.)
Favorable balance of trade:
Profit made on exports exceeds the costs of imports

10. 1600s American goods must be exported in British ships.
British government passed a series of NAVIGATION ACTS
The colonies could trade only with the mother country.
American goods must be exported in British ships.

11. WRITS OF ASSISTANCE Early 1760s
British customs officials were given the authority to search people’s homes for smuggled goods without a warrant.

12. The French and Indian War
French empire collided w/ British empire
British debt = high American Taxes

13. Treaty of Paris Proclamation of 1763
Britain claimed land east of the Mississippi River
Banned all settlement west of Appalachian Mts.
Increased Independent Spirit

14. 1764: Sugar Act British Action: Colonial Response:
Raised taxes on goods like…
Sugar
Textiles
Wine
Coffee
Indigo
Colonial Response:
First time a tax had been passed to raise revenue rather than regulate trade
Colonial merchants protested the increased duties

15. 1765: The Stamp Act
British Action:
Taxed all documents, newspapers, and playing cards by forcing colonists to place a special stamp on the items
Direct tax

16. “No taxation without representation”
Colonists felt they should not be taxed because they did not get to elect anyone to Parliament
Boycotted English goods
Boycott = refusal to buy or use
Sons of Liberty was formed
-Group that opposed English Rule and advocated independence
Colonial Reaction

17. British response… Parliament repealed the Stamp Act
Boycotts so successful not one stamp was ever sold

18. 1765: Quartering Act British Action: Colonial Response:
Colonists had to keep British troops in their homes
Purpose to keep troops in the colonies and reduce the cost
Colonial Response:
Colonists did not get along with army and did not want them there permanently
They despised the British “occupation” and the soldiers
Began to form meetings about the Acts they disliked

19. March 3, 1770: The Boston Massacre

20. Children Passing by the Custom House began throwing snowballs at a British sentry
A mob formed, throwing stones and sticks
group of 60 Boston patriots were together on the street, compared to 10 British soldiers.
Someone in the crowd struck the soldiers with sticks and clubs.
The soldiers fired into the crowd, killing five people and wounding six.
The fist person to die was Crispus Attucks

21. 1772: Committees of Correspondence formed
Started by Samuel Adams
Used to pass information between the colonies
It was a secret organization

22. 1773: Tea Act
Parliament repealed Townshend Acts except for the tax on tea
Reduced taxes on tea, but forced colonies to buy tea from a certain company
The colonists saw through the trick; how did they react………?

23. Dec. 16, 1773: Boston Tea Party

24. Dec. 16, 1773: Boston Tea Party The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists called the “Sons of Liberty” dumped tea into Boston Harbor in protest
They were thinly disguised as Native Americans

25. Spring 1774: The Intolerable Acts
Designed to punish the colonists for Tea Party
Closed Boston Harbor
Restricted trial by jury
Searches without warrants
Quartering troops without permission
No town meetings allowed in Massachusetts – Boston under military rule
Trying to isolate Massachusetts, but only strengthened the colonies unity

26. What would You do? 26

27. Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was the principal author
By July 1776, enough Americans were “patriots” that members of the Second Continental Congress formed a 5-man committee to draft a Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was the principal author
All men are born with “natural rights” of life, liberty, & property
Citizens can break their social contract with their gov’t when their gov’t becomes tyrannical
It was based on the “enlightened” ideas of John Locke & explained why the colonists were rebelling

28. Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)
Committee to draft the Declaration: Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston, & Roger Sherman

29. The Declaration of Independence & Influences from the Enlightenment
Dec of Ind video from America: Story of Us (4.00) via youtube.com
Too Late to Apologize Video (3.22)

30. Formation of a Continental Army under George Washington
The Declaration of Independence was a formal demand for separation, but the Revolutionary War had already begun in 1775
Lexington & Concord
Formation of a Continental Army under George Washington
Americans were divided among Patriots, Loyalists, & Neutrals

31. Independence Hall Thompson, Hancock, Read, Dickinson, Rutledge. McKean
Wilson
Chase & Morris
Lee & Adams
Walton
Hopkins
Adams, Sherman, Livingston, Jefferson, Franklin

32. Quick Class Discussion
What was the biggest advantage the American colonists had during the Revolutionary War?
What was the biggest advantage that Great Britain had during the Revolutionary War?
Based on this chart, who should win the war?

33. Revolutionary War
When the war began, the British had a clear military advantage:
400% larger & more experienced army
More money
The world’s most dominant navy
Manufacturing to make war supplies

34. Revolutionary War But, the American colonists had:
Britain under-estimated the colonial commitment to independence
But, the American colonists had:
Familiarity with the environment
A commitment to win the war
Short supply lines to their soldiers
A defensive strategy to outlast the British
To win, the English had to find & defeat the Continental Army

35. He had to build a professional army & coordinate the militias
As leader of the Continental Army, George Washington was the symbol of the American cause
He had to build a professional army & coordinate the militias
Encouraged common citizens & volunteer soldiers to support the war even when the British seemed destined to win during the early years of the revolution

36. American Military: Continental Army, Colonial Militias, & Civilians

37. Differing Military Strategies
The Americans
General Washington
The British
General Gage
Divide & Conquer
Use Loyalists, seize property, encourage slave revolts
Split the Northern & Southern colonies
Blockade ports to prevent trade
Outlast the British
Defend colonial lands & drag out the war
Guerilla tactics
Make an alliance with France
As long as Britain did not defeat the Continental Army, England could not win

38. The American Revolution began at Lexington & Concord

39. British victories from 1776-1777 made an American victory look impossible

40. On Christmas Eve 1776, Washington gave Americans hope by crossing the Delaware River & surprising British troops in Trenton, NJ

41. Crossing the Delaware in route to a surprise attack at Trenton & Princeton, 1776

42. From the beginning of the war, American diplomats, led by Benjamin Franklin, tried to form an alliance with the French
The French gov’t was willing, but needed to see that the Americans had a chance to win
The French agreed to join the American cause after the battle of Saratoga in 1777

43. The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point because France joined the Americans as an ally

44. The “turning point” of the Revolution: The Battle of Saratoga, 1777
After Saratoga, French general Lafayette helped train American troops while the French navy helped neutralize the British advantage on the high seas
When French troops arrived in the spring 1778, the tide of the war shifted in favor of the Americans
Marquis de Lafayette

45. Near Starvation at Valley Forge, PA in 1778

46. From , both sides traded victories, but the war finally came to a conclusion at the Battle of Yorktown

47. The Battle of Yorktown
By 1781, Washington trapped the army of British General Cornwallis between the Continental Army & the French navy
America the Story of Us video on Yorktown (3.00)

48. Cornwallis’ surrender was the “day the world turned upside down”
The Battle of Yorktown
General Cornwallis surrendered to Washington in 1781, ending the American Revolution
Why the Americans won the Revolutionary War: America Story of Us video (3.20)
Cornwallis’ surrender was the “day the world turned upside down”

49. The Treaty of Paris in 1783 ended the American Revolution
The treaty gave America:
Full independence
All territory east of Mississippi River, between Canada & Florida
The removal of the British army from U.S. claims in America

50. North America 1754
North America 1763
North America 1783