2. Notes
Cookbook
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3. The meaning of numbers 90 The number correct on a test out of 100
The last two digits of your SSN
The percentile you scored on the SAT

4. Nominal Scale Are not really scales at all
They do not scale items along any dimension, but rather label them
Numbers are used as names and have no quantitative value

5. Nominal Scales
Gender
Political party
Your SSN
Religion

6. Ordinal Scales Has the characteristics of the nominal scale
PLUS: the characteristic of indicating greater than or less than
i.e., RANK ORDER

7. Ordinal Scales Rank of professor Your place in a foot race
Saying “This class is smaller then my other class”

8. Interval Scales
Has the properties of BOTH the nominal and ordinal scales
PLUS: the intervals between the numbers are equal
e.g., the distance between 4 and 5 is the same distance between 1 and 2

9. Interval Scales Temperature Problem: What does 0o F mean?
the difference between 10o F and 20o F is the same as the difference between 80o F and 90o F
Problem: What does 0o F mean?
With interval scales you CAN NOT make ratio statements

10. Interval Scale 50 70 10 30 80 20 40 60
Appears twice as large

11. Interval Scale 30 50
-10 10 60
-20 20 40
Now it appears three-times as large!

12. Ratio Scales
Has all the characteristics of the nominal, ordinal, and intervals scales
PLUS: it has a true zero point
This zero point indicates a complete absence of the thing measured

13. Ratio
Weight
Height
Speed
Distance

14. Features of the four scales

15. Why are the types of scales important?
They help you understand what type of statistic to use

16. Practice Inches on a yardstick Drivers licenses number
Dollars as a measure of income
Order of finish in a car race
Intelligence test scores

18. 1) Is depressed, blue
2) Is not relaxed, does not handle stress well
3) Can be tense

19. 4) Worries a lot
5) Is easily upset

20. Neuroticism Raw Score Add your answers What does your score mean?
Your score can range between 5- 25
What does your score mean?
Note: It is meaningless unless you know how others scored

22. Simple Frequency Distribution
1) Find the highest and lowest scores
2) Write in descending order all the numbers from 24 to 6

23. Simple Frequency Distribution
3) Start with the number in the upper-left corner, draw a line under it, and place a tally mark in the frequency distribution
4) Do this with all the data
5) Count the number a tally marks

25. Group Frequency Distribution
Scores are grouped into equal-sized ranges called “class intervals”
Usually want around 10 class intervals

27. Practice
Book page 34
# 2.1 (women)
# 2.3