1. Nominal Level Measurement n numbers used as ways to identify or name categories n numbers do not indicate degrees of a variable but simple groupings of variables n equivalent to qualitative data Slide 8.1

2. Ordinal Level Measurement n uses rank order to determine differences n measures whether items are “greater than” or “less than” other items n identifies relations of measured items to each other Slide 8.2

3. Interval Level Measurement n distances between measured items are identified by a matter of degree n allows meaningful arithmetic to be applied n measures whether items are “greater than” or “less than” other items n permits identifying the ratio of intervals to each other Slide 8.3

4. Ratio Level Measurement n distances between measured items are identified by a matter of degree a true quantitative scale and includes an “absolute zero” n allows meaningful arithmetic to be applied n measures whether items are “greater than” or “less than” other items n permits identifying the ratio of intervals to each other Slide8.4

5. Slide 8.5A Coefficient Alpha

6. Slide 8.5B Coefficient Alpha

7. Slide 8.5C Coefficient Alpha

8. Slide 8.5D Coefficient Alpha

9. Slide 8.5 Coefficient Alpha