1. The Treaty Trail
Unit 4

2. Cultural Conflict
The growing numbers of settlers/miners caused difficulties for the Indians:
Conflicts:
Settlers and Indians had different ways of getting food.
They viewed ownership of land differently.
They spoke different languages.
They had different ideas about leadership.
The whites believed their ways were superior (better).

3. WA Territory & Stevens Treaties
Indians relinquished (gave up) their tribal homelands – 64 million acres (100,000 square miles) from
Indians moved to reservations – total of <6 million acres.
Treaty Outcomes:
The U.S. government agreed to pay for the land it acquired over 20 years.
The U.S. built schools on the reservations.
The U.S. government provided free health care on the reservations.
Assumed tribes would assimilate to American settler’s culture.
Limited tribal sovereignty.
Stevens was the first governor of Washington Territory in 1853 – He used force and intimidation to make tribes sign treaties. Railroad piece.
Isaac Stevens

4. Stop & Discuss

5. Problems & Broken Promises
Payment wasn’t always delivered.
Language barriers created misunderstandings.
The U.S. did not account for tribal differences.
*Every tribe was different in terms of its wants & desires*
Fishing rights were disputed; Native Americans retained fishing rights.
“The right of taking fish at usual and accustomed grounds and stations is further secured to said Indians, in common with all citizens of the United States; and of erecting temporary houses for the purpose of curing; together with the privilege of hunting and gathering roots and berries on open and unclaimed lands……...” (Point Elliot Treaty, 1855)
Point no Point Treaty pit Muckleshoot (upriver) vs. Duwamish (downriver) by lumping together