1. Ocean Chemistry

5. Forschammer - Law of Constant Proportions
Ratio of ions  Na+ : Cl- : SO4-- : Mg++: K+ : Ca++ :CO3--
Constant - worldwide
Calculation of salinity from chlorinity
chlorinity - wt. of Cl-, Br-, I- ions
Salinity % = x chlorinity

6. Residence time = AMOUNT OF ELEMENT IN OCEAN
Residence time = AMOUNT OF ELEMENT IN OCEAN RATE OF ADDITION OR REMOVAL
Cl x 106 yrs
Na x 106 yrs
Mg(++) 13 x 106 yrs
Carbonate 110 x 103
Iron 200

8. Cycling of Sea Salt Volcanic activity Sediments uplifted
H2S
Rainfall
Volcanic activity
Cl-
SO4-2
Sediments
uplifted
River discharge & runoff
Ca+2 K+
Mg+2
CO3-2
Ca+2
SO4-2
Mg+2 N+
Organisms die
adsorbed by clays
Leaching from rocks
precipitation
Bottom sediments

11. Importance of CO3--
CO3--