1. Leaving a Mark on the World
Section 6-1
Leaving a Mark on the World
Have you ever seen very old photographs of the town or city in which you now live? Has your area changed? Perhaps there are more buildings or roads than there were many years ago. Maybe your town or city has more trees and flowers now than it had years ago. Humans, like all organisms, have an effect on their environment.

2. Interest Grabber continued
Section 6-1
1. Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways in which it may change its environment.
2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town or city?
3. What positive effect have humans had on their environment? What negative effect have humans had on their environment?

3. Section Outline 6–1 A Changing Landscape A. Earth as an Island
B. Human Activities
C. Hunting and Gathering
D. Agriculture
1. From Traditional to Modern Agriculture
2. The Green Revolution
3. Challenges for the Future
E. Industrial Growth and Urban Development

4. Concept Map Human Activities Section 6-1 Hunting and gathering
that have changed the biosphere include
Hunting and
gathering
Agriculture
Industrial
growth
Urban
development
may have once caused
often relies on the methods of the
have resulted in
Extinctions of
large animals
Green
revolution
High standard
of living
Increased
pollution
which increased
Food supply
Pesticide use
Monoculture
use

5. Where Do Natural Resources Come From?
Interest Grabber
Section 6-2
Where Do Natural Resources Come From?
Natural resources are materials that are supplied by nature. A renewable resource is one that is replaceable. A nonrenewable resource is one that cannot be replenished by natural processes. Once a nonrenewable resource is used up, it is gone forever.

6. Interest Grabber continued
Section 6-2
1. Examine the list of natural resources shown below. Then, classify each natural resource as either renewable or nonrenewable.
a. Wood b. Fossil fuels c. Aluminum d. Wool e. Gold
2. Describe the impact that the loss of nonrenewable resources would have on the environment.

7. Section Outline 6–2 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
A. Classifying Resources
B. Sustainable Development
C. Land Resources
D. Forest Resources
E. Fishery Resources
1. Overfishing
2. Sustainable Development
3. Aquaculture
F. Air Resources
G. Freshwater Resources

8. Amount of Fish per Person
Growth of Fish Catch
Section 6-2
World Fish Catch
World Fish Catch per Person
Total Catch
(million tons)
Amount of Fish per Person
(kilograms)
Year
Year

9. Chemical Transformation Emissions to Atmosphere
Figure 6-12 The Formation of Acid Rain
Section 6-2
Chemical Transformation
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
Condensation
Emissions to Atmosphere
Nitrogen oxides
Sulfur dioxide
Dry Fallout
Precipitation
Acid rain, fog,
snow, and mist
particulates, gases
Industry
Transportation
Ore smelting
Power generation

10. Interest Grabber What Is Biodiversity?
Section 6-3
What Is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity is the sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere. Sometimes humans can reduce biodiversity, which is considered a natural resource.

11. Interest Grabber continued
Section 6-3
1. List three ways in which other organisms have proved to be a benefit to humans.
2. Compare biodiversity with other natural resources, such as wood and fossil fuels. Do you think biodiversity is a renewable or a nonrenewable resource? Explain your answer.
3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity of organisms?

12. Section Outline 6–3 Biodiversity A. The Value of Biodiversity
B. Threats to Biodiversity
C. Habitat Alteration
D. Demand for Wildlife Products
E. Pollution
F. Introduced Species
G. Conserving Biodiversity
1. Strategies for Conservation
2. Challenges in Conservation

13. Species Diversity Insects Protists Other Animals Plants Bacteria Fungi
Section 6-3
Insects
54.4%
Protists
Other Animals
4.2%
19.7%
Plants
18%
Bacteria
Fungi
0.3%
3.4%

14. Figure 6-16 Biological Magnification of DDT
Section 6-3
Magnification of
DDT Concentration
Fish-Eating Birds
10,000,000
Large
Fish
1,000,000
100,000
Small Fish
10,000
Zooplankton
1000
Producers
Water 1

15. Interest Grabber How Much Should It Cost?
Section 6-4
How Much Should It Cost?
You may have read that when something becomes hard to obtain, its price usually increases. Such is the case for materials like gold and diamonds, which are nonrenewable resources. Using similar thinking, some researchers believe that all the valuable services provided by a healthy ecosystem should be assigned a dollar value.

16. Interest Grabber continued
Section 6-4
Rank the following items in order of their importance to you. Then, next to each item, write down how much you would be willing to pay for it.
1. Fresh, clean drinking water
2. Clean air to breathe
3. An endangered plant containing a substance that can cure cancer
4. Gas for your family car

17. Section Outline 6–4 Charting a Course for the Future
A. Ozone Depletion
B. Global Climate Change
1. Evidence of Global Warming
2. Possible Effects of Global Warming
C. The Value of a Healthy Biosphere

18. Sustainable Agriculture
Section 6-4
Cover Crops
Legumes, grasses, and other
cover crops recycle soil nutrients,
reduce fertilizer need, and
prevent weed growth.
Controlled Grazing
By managing graze periods and herd
densities, farmers can improve nutrient
cycling, increase the effectiveness of
precipitation, and increase the carrying
capacity of pastures.
Biological Pest Control
The use of predators and parasites
to control destructive insects
minimizes pesticide use as well as
crop damage A B C
Contour Plowing
Contour plowing reduces
soil erosion from land runoff.
On hilly areas, plowing is done
across the hill rather than
straight up and down.
Yr. 1
Crop Rotation
Different crops use and
replenish different nutrients.
By rotating crops, the loss
of important plant nutrients
is decreased.
corn
oats
alfalfa
Yr. 2
alfalfa (plowed in)
corn
alfalfa
Yr. 3
oats
alfalfa
corn

19. Figure 6-22 Ecosystem Services
Section 6-4
Solar energy
Production of oxygen
Storage and recycling of
nutrients
Regulation of climate
Purification of water and air
Storage and distribution of
fresh water
Food production
Nursery habits for wildlife
Detoxification of human and
industrial waste
Natural pest and disease
control
Management of soil erosion
and runoff

20. Click the image to play the video segment.
How Does Everything Fit?
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video

21. Go Online Interactive test Articles on natural resources and pollution
For links on sustainable agriculture, go to and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2061.
For links on biodiversity, go to and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2063.
For links on global warming, go to and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2064.
Internet

22. Interest Grabber Answers
1. Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways in which it may change its environment.
Sample answers: A beaver both removes wood from a forest and dams a body of water. A dog digs a hole and may damage plants, but also may unearth worms and turn the soil.
2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town or city?
Sample answers: increase or decrease in population and industry.
3. What positive effect have humans had on their environment? What negative effect have humans had on their environment?
Humans preserve, conserve, and restore the natural environment as well as construct facilities that improve human health. Humans pollute the air, water, and land with materials that can harm humans and other organisms.
Section 1 Answers

23. Interest Grabber Answers
1. Examine the list of natural resources shown below. Then, classify each natural resource as either renewable or nonrenewable.
a. Wood Renewable; new trees can be grown b. Fossil fuels Nonrenewable; once depleted they are gone c. Aluminum Nonrenewable; although recyclable, once depleted the resource is gone
d. Wool Renewable; sheep can grow new fleece e. Gold Nonrenewable; once gold ores are depleted no more gold can be made
2. Describe the impact that the loss of nonrenewable resources would have on the environment.
Sample answers: fossil fuels; limited energy, which impacts on industry, quality of life, economy; gold and aluminum; decrease in components for technology, which also impacts on industry, quality of life, economy.
Section 2 Answers

24. Interest Grabber Answers
1. List three ways in which other organisms have proved to be a benefit to humans.
They provide food, medicine, building materials, and clothing.
2. Compare biodiversity with other natural resources, such as wood and fossil fuels. Do you think biodiversity is a renewable or a nonrenewable resource? Explain your answer.
Nonrenewable, because once species of organisms are extinct, they cannot be brought back to life by any natural processes.
3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity of organisms?
Students may suggest protecting endangered species and ecosystems.
Section 3 Answers

25. Interest Grabber Answers
Rank the following items in order of their importance to you. Then, next to each item, write down how much you would be willing to pay for it.
1. Fresh, clean drinking water
2. Clean air to breathe
3. An endangered plant containing a substance that can cure cancer
4. Gas for your family car
Students’ answers will depend on how important the items are to them.
Section 4 Answers

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