1. Amendments 11-15
19th Century Amendments

2. Amendment 11 Lawsuits Against States
Federal courts cannot hear cases where a state is sued by a citizen from another state or a foreign country
Hear cases between states or states and the gov’t of foreign countries.

3. Amendment 12 Electing the President and Vice President
Electors meet in their own states
vote for President and Vice President on separate ballots
results sent to the President of Senate, who opens and counts them in joint session
majority of the votes for President becomes President
majority of votes for V President becomes V. President

4. Amendment 12 If no majority President is chosen by House from top 3
each state gets one vote
2/3rds of states must vote
winner must get a majority
if no one gets a majority by Jan. 20, the Vice President serves as President until a new President is chosen
Vice-President is chosen by Senate from top 2
2/3rds must vote
must get a majority of the votes

5. Civil Rights/War Amendments
Part of 19th Century Amend.
Amendments
Passed as result of Civil War

6. Emancipation Proclamation
1863 Lincoln passed to end slavery in the Confederacy
Did not affect slavery in other states
Amendment would end slavery in all states and territories.

7. Amendment 13 Slavery Abolished
No slavery or involuntary servitude- except as punishment for a crime - shall exist in the United States or any place within its jurisdiction.

8. Amendment 14 – Section 1 Civil Rights in the States
Any person born or naturalized in the US is a citizen of both the US and the state where they live.
Ensured that former slaves were full citizens
No state can pass laws to deprive citizens of rights guaranteed by the Constitution without due process of law
used to force school desegregation

9. Amendment 14 – Section 2 Entire population of a state is counted for
purposes of determining representation in the House of Representatives
made 3/5ths rule obsolete
If a state denies an eligible citizen the right to vote, the state’s number of representatives will be reduced

10. Amendment 14 - Section 3 aimed at former Confederate officials
No one who shall have engaged in insurrection against the U.S. can hold offices in either state of
federal governments
exception - 2/3rds of
Congress can vote to
override this rule

11. Amendment 14 - Section 4 Federal debts
any debts the U.S. had during the Civil War would be paid by the government
Any debts of the former Confederate states would not be paid
Former slave owners would not be paid for losing their slaves
Congress has the power to enforce

12. Amendment 15-1870 Congress has the power to enforce The Right to Vote
No citizen can be denied the right to vote based on race, color or previous cond. of servitude - no literacy tests
Congress has the power to enforce
Voting Rights Act of gave federal gov’t power to supervise state elections and end unfair practices