1. Chapter 1
What is Chemistry?

2. Warm-Up
Take 1 minute and write down what you believe the definition of chemistry to be.

3. What is Chemistry? The Central Science
Study of matter and the changes it undergoes
Central to all sciences and our everyday lives

4. Main Questions to Ask when Studying Living Things….
What
“What is the difference between weight and mass?”
“What is an electron configuration?”
Why
“Why do some elements have isotopes and others don’t?”
“Why is carbon so important to chemistry?”
How
“How was the periodic table organized?”
“How do different compounds/elements bond together?”

5. Weight vs. Mass Mass Weight Why compare mass instead of weight?
The amount of matter in an object
Measured in the base unit grams
The amount of a certain amount of “stuff”
Weight
The mass of an object as it interacts with gravity
Weight = mass * gravity
W = m*g
g = 9.8 m/s2
Weight is measured in Newtons
Why compare mass instead of weight?
Mass is a consistent measure, where weight may/can fluctuate dependent upon gravity

6. Scientific Method Ask Question Do Background Research
Construct Hypothesis
Test with Experiment
Analyze Results and Draw Conclusion
Hypothesis False (Partially True)
Report Results
Hypothesis True
Think Again and Reevaluate

7. Conducting an Experiment
What is an Experiment?
Investigation that tests a hypothesis by the process of collecting information under controlled conditions.

8. Conducting an Experiment, Continued
Controlled Experiment
Designing an Experiment
Using Tools
Maintaining Safety
Experiment with a “control” group
Control is the constant against which variables are compared
The “control” group is the one that is under the considered “normal” conditions
An experiment where only one variable is changed at a time
Independent Variable is the condition in an experiment which is tested
Dependent Variable is the condition that changes based on changes made to the independent variable.
Control Group: The group that is not changed
Controlled experiment primarily conducted in lab setting
Not all experiments can be controlled, such as those conducted directly in nature
Tools are those objects that are used to help conduct an experiment. These can include regular scientific tools (beakers, hotplates) and irregular scientific tools designed specifically for an experiment (tinfoil and scissors)
Safety Symbol is a symbol that warns about dangers that may exist chemical, biological, electrical, etc.
Lab safety is important to keep in mind when conducting fieldwork and experiments.

9. Conducting an Experiment, Continued
Data Gathering
Thinking About It
Reporting Results
Verifying Results
Information obtained from investigations is called data
Can be in numerical data such as measurements (time, temperature, count)
Verbal form is terms of descriptions
Must be meticulously documented
Analyzing the data
Reviewing the hypothesis
Creating a conclusion
Determining if conclusion meets/doesn’t meet the hypothesis
Writing results for journals
Uploading to databases
Ensuring they are available for examination by other scientists
Other scientists follow the process of an experiment and come out with the same results

10. Theories and Laws Theory Law
Explanation of a natural phenomenon that is supported by a large body of scientific evidence
Natural laws that are known to be true
Gravity

11. Quantitative versus Qualitative Information
Numerical data
Data that can be compared and has a specific number
Always measured in the international system of measurement, the metric system
Purely observational data
What you can see, feel and experience
Based on personal observation and might slightly change from scientist to scientist

12. Scientific Research Pure Research Applied Research “Ta Da” Moments
This is research for the sake of research.
Investigators may be researching a topic because it interests them
Knowledge for the sake of knowledge
Applied Research
Research to solve a specific problem
“Ta Da” Moments
These are chance discoveries
Sometimes made by accident or through the process of researching something else

13. Science and Society Can Science Answer All Questions?
Ethics
Can Science Answer All Questions?
Can Technology Solve All Problems
Moral principles and values held by humans
Used by scientists to lead experiments and how they are to be conducted
Short Answer, No!
Any questions that are subjective cannot be answered
Good versus Evil
Ugly versus Beautiful
Short Answer: No!
Technology is the application of scientific research to society’s needs and problems
There have been great advances made, but there are always limitations

14. Write down the steps to the scientific method.
Quick Write
Write down the steps to the scientific method.

15. Chapter 2
Data Analysis

16. Units of Measurement
SI (Systém Internationale) Units are the units of science
Base Units
Time: Second
Length: Meter
Mass: Kilogram
Derived Units: Units that are described by a combination of base units
Volume: Liter
Density: g/cm3 or g/mL
Temperature: Kelvin (C + 273)

17. Problem Solver
What is the density of a cube whose sides are each 5 m and that measures 4.0 grams on the triple beam balance?
What is the volume of a cube whose density is 25 g/cm3 and mass is 5g?
A thermometer displays a temperature of 28o Celsius. What is its measurement in Kelvin?

18. Problem Solver Answers
What is the density of a cube whose sides are each 5 cm and that measures 4.0 grams on the triple beam balance?
5 * 5 * 5 = 125 cm cm3 / 4.0 g = g/cm3
What is the volume of a cube whose density is 25 g/cm3 and mass is 5g?
d = m/v g/cm3 = 5g/v 25v = 5 v = 5/25 = 0.2 cm3
A thermometer displays a temperature of 28o Celsius. What is its measurement in Kelvin?
K = C K = K = 301