1. Proteins

2. What are proteins?
Chain of molecules of Amino Acids called a polypeptide chain
Found in: muscle, hormones, enzymes
Monomers of proteins are amino acids
20 total AA

3. Amino Acids Monomers of Proteins All contain: 1. Amino group NH2
2. Carboxyl group –COOH
3. R group
-different for every AA
-determines the properties
of AA
Joined together by peptide bonds

4. Peptide Bonds Amino acids join together by peptide bond
Forms when amino end of one AA joins to carboxyl end of another AA by dehydration synthesis.

6. Major Functions of Proteins
Provide energy
Enzyme catalyst: speed up rxn
Defense: use shape to recognize foreign invaders
Transport: hemoglobin-oxygen to RBC
Support: fibrous proteins
Fibrin in blood clots
Collagen-matrix of skin

7. Protein structures As AA join, R groups interact and cause
molecules to bond
Primary-straight chain
Secondary-helix
Tertiary-mass
Quaternary-2 proteins combined

9. Enzymes All enzymes are proteins Speed up chemical rxn; catalyst
Shape of protein allows it to bond to specific molecules called substrates, causes a change in shape
Examples maltase: breaks down maltose into 2 glucose
lipase: breaks down lipids into fatty acids
protease: breaks down proteins into amino
acids
**works best under certain temperatures

10. Enzymes