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Proteins. What are proteins? Chain of molecules of Amino Acids called a polypeptide chain Found in: muscle, hormones, enzymes Monomers of proteins are.

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Presentation on theme: "Proteins. What are proteins? Chain of molecules of Amino Acids called a polypeptide chain Found in: muscle, hormones, enzymes Monomers of proteins are."— Presentation transcript:

1 Proteins

2 What are proteins? Chain of molecules of Amino Acids called a polypeptide chain Found in: muscle, hormones, enzymes Monomers of proteins are amino acids –20 total AA

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5 Major Functions of Proteins 1.Provide energy 2. Enzyme catalyst: speed up rxn 3. Defense: use shape to recognize foreign invaders

6 4. Transport: hemoglobin-oxygen to RBC 5.Support: fibrous proteins 1.Fibrin in blood clots 2.Collagen-matrix of skin

7 Amino Acids Monomers of Proteins All contain: 1. Amino group NH 2 2. Carboxyl group –COOH 3. R group -different for every AA -determines the properties of AA Joined together by peptide bonds

8 Peptide Bonds Amino acids join together by peptide bond Forms when amino end of one AA joins to carboxyl end of another AA by dehydration synthesis.

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10 Protein structures As AA join, R groups interact and cause molecules to bond 1.Primary-straight chain 2.Secondary- α-helix or β-pleated sheet 3.Tertiary-mass 4.Quaternary-2 proteins combined

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12 Enzymes All enzymes are proteins Speed up chemical rxn; catalyst Shape of protein allows it to bond to specific molecules called substrates, causes a change in shape Examples maltase: breaks down maltose into 2 glucose lipase: breaks down lipids into fatty acids protease: breaks down proteins into amino acids **works best under certain temperatures or pH

13 Enzymes

14 Induced fit model Enzymes are specific http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labben ch/lab2/induced.htmlhttp://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labben ch/lab2/induced.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/ani mation__how_enzymes_work.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/ani mation__how_enzymes_work.html

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