1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

2. Photosynthesis
Involves the Use Of light Energy to convert Water (H20) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) into Oxygen (O2) and High Energy Carbohydrates (sugars, e.g. Glucose) & Starches

3. The Photosynthesis Equation

4. PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS
THYLAKOIDS
GRANUM (pl. grana)
= sac-like
photosynthetic = stack of thylakoids
membranes
inside chloroplast

5. SPACES THYLAKOID SPACE STROMA cytoplasm
Gel-filled space inside chloroplast surrounding
thylakoid sac
Gel-filled space
Inside the
thylakoid
sac
cytoplasm
Gel-filled space OUTSIDE chloroplast but inside the cell membrane

6. PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS
Proteins that are part of the thylakoid membrane organize
________________________________ into clusters called
_____________________
Light absorbing PIGMENTS
PHOTOSYSTEMS

7. Pigments
In addition to water, carbon dioxide, and light energy, photosynthesis requires Pigments
Chlorophyll is the primary light-absorbing pigment in autotrophs
Chlorophyll is found inside chloroplasts

8. Light and Pigments Light Contains A Mixture Of Wavelengths
Different Wavelengths Have Different Colors

9. Light & Pigments
Different pigments absorb different wavelengths of light
Energy from light “excites” electrons in the plant’s pigments
Excited electrons carry the absorbed energy

11. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS
ATP SYNTHASE
INSIDE THYLAKOID SPACE ↓
PHOTOSYSTEM II ↓
ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM ↓
PHOTOSYSTEM I
OUTSIDE THYLAKOID IN STROMA

12. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS
SEE A MOVIE ATP SYNTHASE IN ACTION

13. LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION
Requires ______________
Pigments that absorb light are part of ____________________________
Made up of ____________________________
connected by ______________________________
& ___________________
Uses light energy to create
_______ and
_________
Breaks apart ______ molecules and releases _____________
LIGHT
THYLAKOID membranes
PHOTOSYSTEMS II & I
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
ATP SYNTHASE
ATP
NADPH
H20
oxygen

14. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light-Dependent Reaction Light & Water Oxygen
ATP
NADPH
(CH2O)n
Carbon Dioxide
Light-Independent Reactions
CALVIN CYCLE

15. PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW
Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Prentice Hall

16. Click the image to play the video segment.
Calvin Cycle (8E)
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 5

17. Calvin Cycle CO2 Enters the Cycle Energy Input 5-Carbon Molecules
Regenerated
6-Carbon Sugar
Produced
See Calvin cycle animation
Sugars and other compounds

18. CALVIN CYCLE ____________ require ____________ LIGHT INDEPENDENT
(also called _________________________)
____________ require ____________
Happens in the _________ between thylakoids
NADPH donates ________________________
ATP donates _________________
CO2 donates ____________________
to make __________
LIGHT INDEPENDENT
DOES NOT
LIGHT
STROMA
Hydrogen + electrons
ENERGY
Carbon & oxygen
GLUCOSE

19. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
AMOUNT OF WATER
____________________
Water is one of the raw materials needed, so
A shortage of water can ________________
photosynthesis
slow or stop
Desert plants and conifers
that live in dry conditions
have a waxy coating on
their leaves to prevent
water loss.

20. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
TEMPERATURE
Photosynthesis enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C
At temperatures above or below this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop
Conifers in winter may carry out
photosynthesis only occasionally

21. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
LIGHT INTENSITY
____________________
More light increases rate of photosynthesis
up to a certain level until plant reaches its
maximum rate of photosynthesis
See effect of light experiment

22. THE BIG PICTURE sugars OXYGEN Carbon dioxide Sugars WATER Oxygen
PHOTOSYNTHESIS provides
the _____________ we breathe
and the __________
heterotrophs (like us)
consume to survive
OXYGEN
sugars
Carbon dioxide
Sugars
WATER
Oxygen
_____________ + ____________ _______________ + ____________

23. Concept Map Photosynthesis Section 8-3 includes takes place in uses
take place in
to produce of
to produce

24. Concept Map Photosynthesis Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis
includes
Light-
dependent
reactions
Calvin cycle
takes place in
uses
use
take place in
Thylakoid
membranes
Stroma
NADPH
ATP
Energy from
sunlight
to produce of
to produce
ATP
NADPH O2
Chloroplasts
High-energy
sugars