1. LO: To analyse the key features of the Third Crusade.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lesson you will be able to…
Describe the key events of the Third Crusade E-D
Explain the relative importance of key features C-B
Assess the most significant key feature A-A*

2. LO: To analyse the key features of the Third Crusade.
Describe the key events of the Third Crusade E-D
Explain the relative importance of key features C-B
Assess the most significant key feature A-A*
Task: Once you are in
And settled…
On your desk is
a fact test.
You have 5 minutes!

3. Your homework question this week will be…
LO: To analyse the key features
of the Third Crusade.
Describe the key events of the Third Crusade E-D
Explain the relative importance of key features C-B
Assess the most significant key feature A-A*
Your homework question this week will
be…
“Assess the reasons for Richard I’s
failure to capture Jerusalem.” (30)

4. LO: To analyse the key features of the Third Crusade.
Describe the key events of the Third Crusade E-D
Explain the relative importance of key features C-B
Assess the most significant key feature A-A*
So, what were the key reasons?
Richard’s Competency
Role of Saladin
Crusader Disunity
Logistical Concerns

5. LO: To analyse the key features of the Third Crusade.
Describe the key events of the Third Crusade E-D
Explain the relative importance of key features C-B
Assess the most significant key feature A-A*
July Battle of Hattin.
Sep Fall of Jerusalem.
Richard I King.
June 1190 Barbarossa dies at River Saleph.
Sep Richard and Phillip depart.
May Cyprus captured.
June Richard arrives at Acre.
July Acre captured, Phillip leaves.
Sep Saladin defeated at Arsuf.
Jan First march on Jerusalem fails.
April Conrad of Montferrat murdered
May Second march on Jerusalem fails.
Aug Jaffa captured.
Sep Treaty of Jaffa signed
Oct Richard leaves holy land.

6. LO: To analyse the key features of the Third Crusade.
Describe the key events of the Third Crusade E-D
Explain the relative importance of key features C-B
Assess the most significant key feature A-A*
Victory at Acre
Tensions between Phillip and Richard over throne
of Jerusalem
Phillip (Conrad) Richard (Guy)
Phillip departs at end of July, irritated, ill and
weakened in France.
Richard becomes distracted by Phillips activities
in France.
Saladin fails to hand over True Cross or prisoners.
19th August Richard kills 2700 Muslim prisoners.
Richard show brutality.
March to Jaffa
Not clear Richard’s intention was Jerusalem.
Turns south to port of Jaffa.
Crusading army reluctant to leave
temptations of Acre
Strict formation on march.
Conditions in heat of summer dreadful.
Richards leadership key.

7. LO: To analyse the key features of the Third Crusade.
Describe the key events of the Third Crusade E-D
Explain the relative importance of key features C-B
Assess the most significant key feature A-A*
The Battle of Arsuf 7th September 1191
Richard 25 miles from Jaffa
Saladin’s 30,000 attack on plain.
Two knights break ranks.
Richard makes snap decision to turn
And face Muslim army.
Saladin makes numerous counter attacks
And charges.
Muslims forced to retreat.
Saladin’s army escapes destruction,
This was not revenge for Hattin.
Christians lost only 100 horses.
Militarily Saladin reduced to reactive
Tactics.

8. LO: To analyse the key features of the Third Crusade.
Describe the key events of the Third Crusade E-D
Explain the relative importance of key features C-B
Assess the most significant key feature A-A*
First March on Jerusalem
Saladin starts to reduce walls of Ascalon.
Richard wishes to attack but Nobles resist.
Richard cannot thus threaten Saladin’s communications
With Egypt.
Crusading army stalled by boatloads of prostitutes.
Saladin seizes chance to destroy Crusader castles
Between Jaffa and Jerusalem.
Crusaders set out to Jerusalem, negotiations begin.
Richard even offers his sister to al-Adil
Winter sets in with heavy rain and cold.
Supply lines at risk, Crusader numbers low. Loss of
Barbarossa and Phillip now becomes significant.
13th Jan 1192 Richard withdraws to Ascalon.
Army morale shattered.

9. LO: To analyse the key features of the Third Crusade.
Describe the key events of the Third Crusade E-D
Explain the relative importance of key features C-B
Assess the most significant key feature A-A*
Second March on Jerusalem June-July 1192
Richard under increasing pressure.
Last retreat had demonstrated his weakness to Saladin.
Divisions between Conrad and Guy.
28th April, Assassins kill Conrad in Tyre.
Messengers from Europe arrive with news of Prince Johns coup.
Concerns about Phillip plotting with John. John claims his brother is dead or lost!
31 May, nobles decide to march on Jerusalem regardless.
By this point Saladin’s resources are overstretched.
Crusader morale boosted by skirmishes and another piece of true cross.
Heated debate in Crusader camp.
Richard concerned at supply lines and strength of Jerusalem. Army turns around.
Richard has fallen seriously ill.
Saladin and Richard had fought each other to a standstill.
Less than 50% of Crusader force had survived, William of Newburgh 75% losses.
Was Richard simply fighting for “another Jerusalem”. The Crusade simply absolved
Of sins.
Was Richard content with victories at Acre and Arsuf?
Richard believed key to Jerusalem lay in Cairo, therefore a direct attack would
Be pointless.
- Treaty of Jaffa allowed Richard to visit Jerusalem, he did not, why?!

10. LO: To analyse the key features of the Third Crusade.
Describe the key events of the Third Crusade E-D
Explain the relative importance of key features C-B
Assess the most significant key feature A-A*
Was the Crusade a success?
• Success may contrast the Christian position in 1188 when only Tyre and two isolated
fortresses survived with 1193 when they held nearly the whole of the Palestinian coast.
• Evaluation on the issue of success will develop the relative importance of Richard’s
successes in regaining the coastal cities, victories such as Arsuf and the issue of failure
over Jerusalem and the treaty of Jaffa. The Third Crusade preserved Outremer.
• Conflict between Guy and Conrad was resolved when Richard granted Guy the lordship
of Cyprus. The island’s capture was a major addition to Outremer and removed both the
Byzantine threat to Antioch and the threat of the Egyptian fleet to Outremer. The Battle
of Arsuf ended the myth of Saladin’s invincibility. The Treaty of Jaffa gave Christian
pilgrims access to Jerusalem and the Holy places.
• By October 1192 when King Richard left the Holy Land most of Saladin’s victories of
1187–1188 were wiped away, although Jerusalem was not retaken, the coastal cities
were restored, the kingdom was united under Count Henry of Champagne, and peace
was secured with their greatest enemy – indeed Saladin’s death in March 1193 ended
the Muslim unity which so endangered Outremer.