1. Macromolecule Key concepts (Cheat sheet)
Organic Chemistry
Macromolecule
Key concepts
(Cheat sheet)

2. Macromolecules Macromolecules are polymers built from monomers
They fall into 4 types
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

3. IMAGES FROM Chem 2 Washington State University
1. Carbohydrates
Serve as fuel and building material
IMAGES FROM Chem 2 Washington State University

4. 1. Carbohydrates Examples: Monosaccharides Disaccharides
Glucose and Fructose
Disaccharides
Lactose and Sucrose
Both function as Fuel; carbon sources that can be converted to other or combined into polymers

5. 1. Carbohydrates Examples: Poly saccharides
Cellulose (plants) – strengthens plants cell wall
Starch (plants) – stores glucose for energy
Glycogen (animals) – stores glucose for energy
Chitin (animals and fungi) – strengthens exoskeleton and fungal cell walls

6. 2. Lipids
Are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules
Luman learning

7. 2. (a) Lipids Triacylglycerol's (fats or oils)
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Function:
Important energy source

8. 2. (b) Lipids Phospholipids Phosphate group + 2 fatty acids Function:
Lipid bilayers of membranes
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic heads

9. 2.(c) Lipids Steroids Four fused rings with attached chemical groups
Function:
Component of cell membranes
Signaling molecules that move through the body (hormones)

10. 3. Proteins
Include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions

11. 3. Proteins Examples Enzymes Structural proteins Storage proteins
Transport proteins
Hormones
Receptor proteins
Motor proteins
Defensive proteins

12. 3. Proteins Function Enzymes (catalyze chemical reactions)
Structural proteins (provide support)
Storage proteins (store amino acids)
Transport proteins (transport substances)
Hormones (coordinate response)
Receptor proteins (receive signals from outside cell)
Motor proteins (function in cell movement)
Defensive proteins (protection against disease)

13. 4. Nucleic Acids
Store transmit, and help express hereditary information

14. 4. Nucleic Acids Examples: DNA RNA Usually double stranded
Sugar base – deoxyribose
Nitrogenous base (A,T,C, and G)
RNA
Usually single stranded
Sugar base – ribose
Nitrogenous base (A,U,C, and G)

15. 4. Nucleic Acids Function: DNA – stores hereditary information
RNA – Various functions during gene expressions, including the carrying out DNA instructions to the ribosomes