1. Industrial Revolution
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?
Industrial Revolution

2. Predict what this picture will tell you about the Industrial Revolution.

3. Definition: The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the mid-1700s.
Introductory Video:

4. Why Industrialize? Large population
Extensive natural resources (i.e. water power, coal, and iron ore)
Expanding economy (people able to invest in business for a profit)
Political stability (no major wars fought in Britain)
Why Industrialize?

5. Why England? England had the resources necessary for industrialization
Natural resources: water, coal, iron
Good economy
Stable government
Why England?

6. The Railway Age 1825: First railroad line opened
Four major effects of the development of the railroad:
Cheap way to transport materials and finished goods
New jobs
Agriculture and fishing industries boosted because goods could be moved easily
Country people could take city jobs
The Railway Age

7. Life Changes More jobs, but poor working conditions
Cities grew as people moved there for jobs
Poor living conditions
Class tensions grew
Life Changes

8. Living Conditions in Cities
No sanitary codes
Inadequate housing
Lack of education
No police protection
Garbage on the streets
Sickness, disease spread quickly
Low life expectancy (17 for working class)
Living Conditions in Cities

9. Primary Source Description of River Thames in London(1855) “Observations on the Filth of the Thames”
SIR,
I traversed this day by steam-boat the space between London and Hangerford Bridges between half-past one and two o'clock; it was low water, and I think the tide must have been near the turn. The appearance and the smell of the water forced themselves at once on my attention. The whole of the river was an opaque pale brown fluid The smell was very bad, and common to the whole of the water; it was the same as that which now comes up from the gully-holes in the streets; the whole river was for the time a real sewer. Having just returned from out of the country air, I was, perhaps, more affected by it than others; but I do not think I could have gone on to Lambeth or Chelsea, and I was glad to enter the streets for an atmosphere which, except near the sink-holes, I found much sweeter than that on the river.
I have thought it a duty to record these facts, that they may be brought to the attention of those who exercise power or have responsibility in relation to the condition of our river; there is nothing figurative in the words I have employed, or any approach to exaggeration; they are the simple truth surely the river which flows for so many miles through London ought not to be allowed to become a fermenting sewer
Sincerely,
Professor Faraday

13. Working Conditions 14 hour day, 6 days a week Poor lighting
Frequent injuries
Working Conditions

14. Children in Manchester Factories
As young as 8
14 hour work day
Half hour lunch and dinner
Beaten to keep awake
Children in Manchester Factories

19. Interview with a child laborer, Elizabeth Bentley.
Question: What were your hours of labour?


Answer: As a child I worked from five in the morning till nine at night.


Question: What time was allowed for meals?


Answer: We were allowed forty minutes at noon.


Question: Had you any time to get breakfast, or drinking?


Answer: No, we got it as we could.


Question: Did you have time to eat it?


Answer: No; we were obliged to leave it or to take it home, and when we did not take it, the overlooker took it, and gave it to the pigs.


Question: Suppose you flagged a little, or were late, what would they do?


Answer: Strap us [whip with a strap or belt]. 


20. Industrialism Spreads
United States: began with the textile industry
In Europe, Belgium and Germany industrialized after Britain (late 1700s to mid-1800s)
Industrialism Spreads

21. Global Impacts of Industrialization
Wealth gap between industrialized and no industrialized countries
Europe became an economic power
Asia and Africa remain focused on agriculture
More democratic participation by middle class
Global Impacts of Industrialization